Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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108 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices Figure 7-1. Real time spectrographic plot An accelerometer, which consists of a piezoelectric cell or transducer, measures frequencies that are higher than the natural frequency of the machine. Accelerometers are usually mounted internally on the bearing support, but they may be mounted on the outer case at the bearing support. A velocity, acceleration and amplitude map is shown in Figure 7-2.
Parameter Characteristics 109 Note that one mil amplitude is considered smooth at 10 cycles per second and rough at 100 cycles per second. The most uniform measurement is velocity, which is always smooth below .02 inches per second and is always rough above 0.11 inches per second. Velocity can be obtained from amplitude and running speed by multiplying amplitude in mils, times π, times rpm, divided by 60,000. V = MILS • π • RPM/60,000 EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE (EGT) Exhaust gas temperature is one of the most critical parameters in a gas turbine, in view of the fact that excessive turbine temperatures result in decreased life or catastrophic failure. In older machines, when temperatures were not as high, turbine inlet temperature was measured directly. In the current generation of machines, temperatures at the combustor discharge are too high for the type of instrumentation available and, so, intermediate stage or exhaust gas temperature is used as an indication of turbine inlet temperature. The quality of the temperature measured is a function of the number of probes, their positions, and their sensitivity. Since the temperature profile out of any gas turbine is not uniform, the greater the number of probes, the better the representation of the exhaust gas average temperature and profile. A greater number of probes will help pinpoint disturbances or malfunctions in the gas turbine by highlighting shifts in the temperature profile. As metal temperature increases, creep also increases. At any given power, exhaust gas temperature increases with the increase in ambient temperature. Therefore, to remain within the safe temperature envelope as outside temperature increases, output power must decrease (Figure 7-3). ROTOR SPEED Rotor speeds are commonly used as control functions on almost all gas turbines. At any constant power, rotor speeds will increase with an increase in outside air temperature. Therefore, most control functions
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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