Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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250 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices Today, with the maturing of the petro-chemical industry, the quest for profit has been moving away from the oil and gas fields and into every comer of the refinery processes. Driven by a complex environment of regulation and profit motivation, more and more refineries are discovering savings in forgotten or overlooked areas within their processing plants. In a sense, the quest is centering on how to use the by-product waste to increase refinery profitability. The preferred solution is clearly in-plant cogeneration systems. The refinery cogen plants are providing savings to the industry while satisfying growing environmental concerns. Refinery requirements for electric power and heat are being met with cogeneration systems consisting of one or more gas turbine-generators, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) which utilize the gas turbine waste heat. The generated steam is being used either for additional power generation and/or process heat for refinery application. However, in the volatile climate in which the refineries operate, the industry must tailor its products to market demand; thus the gas turbine units must contend with varying types of fuel supply (from liquid to gaseous, or both simultaneously) and quality (calorific value, viscosity), as well as the changing electrical and process heat demands throughout its process cycle. Often, this frequent and large fuel fluctuation presents a major obstacle for better efficiency and lower operating cost of the cogen system. However, these changing parameters do not represent a problem for the GT35 and GT10 gas turbines. The GT35 and GT10 units can utilize multiple fuels of changing quality and calorific value, including the waste gases derived from the refining process, for the gas turbine combustion process. ABB has a sizable fleet of industrial gas turbines installed throughout the world for refinery application. List of ABB’s petrochem applications are exhibited in Figure 15-1. This paper discusses the benefits of two gas turbine installations in Greek refineries utilizing the GT10 and GT35 units. These two medium size gas turbines are ideally suited for industrial cogeneration, because they are compact, heavy-duty industrial machines with proven reliability and efficiency track-records for operations in harsh environments. These two industrial units have since been up-graded in both performance and emission control. The GT10B is presently ISO rated at 24.6 MW with a simple cycle Heat Rate of 9,970 Btu/kWh (LHV).
Case Study #2 251 Figure 15-1. ABB Gas Turbines for Petro-Chem Services. Order Year Customer Location Application ———————————————————————————————— GT35 1968 TPAQ Refinery Turkey Cogen 1977 ELF Norway Power Gen 1979 BP Raffinaderi AB Goeteborg, Sweden Cogen 1981 NPO Refinery Iraq PowerGen 1982 Motor Oil Hellas Corinth, Greece Cogen 1984 BP Development Ltd Ula, Norway Power Gen 1986 Finos Petroleos De Angola Luanda, Angola PowerGen 1989 Shell Norske AS Draugen Field, Sweden Cogen 1990 Thai Taffeta Co Rayong, Thailand Cogen 1992/3 ESSO Refinery Thailand Cogen GT10 1984 Imperial Chem Industries Runcorn, GB Cogen 1986 Arcadian Corp Geismar, LA/USA Cogen 1988 Hellic Aspropyrgos Refinery Aspropyrgos, Greece Cogen GT8 1984 Vulcan Chemicals Geismar, LA/USA Combi/Cogen 1984 Shell Nederland Raffinaderij Rotterdam/NL Cogen 1986 SUN Refinery Marcus Hook, PA/USA Cogen 1987 CHEVRON Refinery Richmond, WA/USA Cogen GT13 1970 Chemische Werke Huels Huels, Germany Commbi/Cogen ———————————————————————————————— While the GT35 is ISO rated at 16.9 MW with a simple cycle Heat Rate of 10,665 Btu/kWh (LHV). Both gas turbines are equipped with ABB’s proprietary EV (Dry Low NO x ) burners providing NO x emissions of 25 ppmvd with natural gas fuel. The combustor with EV burners is depicted in Figure 15-2.
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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