Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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210 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices blades. Mid-turbine boroscope ports can be used to view the turbine blades both upstream and downstream of the boroscope position. Compressor Blades And Stators Except for some aero-derivative gas turbines, boroscope ports are rarely provided within the compressor section of the gas turbine. However, the compressor inlet guide vanes and first stage compressor blades are accessible via the clean air compartment immediately upstream of the gas turbine. For a thorough examination, a boroscope can be inserted through the inlet guide vanes and all of the first stage blades inspected as the compressor rotor is turned. A boroscope view of the first stage compressor blades is shown in Figure 13-4. Note: the tar-like substance on the leading edge of the airfoil demonstrates the detail that can be achieved. This amount of contamination does affect compressor performance. Contamination such as this can be removed with a wash solution as recommended by the gas turbine manufacturer. However, if the wash/rinse length is inadequate, the residue will be distributed over a larger portion of the airfoil surface. This is shown in Figure 13-5. As the contamination accumulates the compressor efficiency would continue to deteriorate. The first stage compressor stators can also be partially viewed through the inlet guide vanes and the first stage blades. It is advisable to use extreme caution when inserting the boroscope probe into the blade path (be sure the rotor is locked so that it cannot be turned). Figure 13-6 is a boroscope view of the last (eleventh) stage stators and blades of a 5,000 brake horsepower gas turbine. All of the boroscope photographs were taken using a 35mm single lens reflex camera attached to a flexible fiber optic boroscope. As there was not a boroscope port provided on this particular unit, a fuel nozzle was removed to inspect this area. After removing a fuel nozzle, the boroscope was snaked into the diffuser case toward the stators and blades. Note that with proper lighting the view is clear and sharp. While only a few stator vanes can be viewed from this position, by turning the rotor all the compressor blades can be viewed. To view all stator vanes, continue removing fuel nozzles around the circumference of the engine. Figure 13-7 is a photograph of the last (eleventh) stage compressor blades similar to that of Figure 13-6. The contamination visible in the compressor, specifically between the blades in Figure 13-7, would have been obvious when viewed through a boro-
Boroscope Inspection 211 scope. Due to the relative light weight of compressor blades, especially at the higher compression stages, blade failures may not create a noticeable amount of damage downstream of the compressor. Often only minimal damage is visible at the discharge of the compressor or the combustor inlet. Even damage resulting from severe compressor surge, which could wipe out several rows of compressor blades (and stator vanes if they are the cantilever design), seldom show a great amount of damage at the compressor discharge stators. However, a coating of a “plasma spray” consisting of compressor material will be Figure 13-4. Tar-like deposit on a first stage compressor blade leading edge. 5,000 horsepower gas turbine-generator drive unit after 1,000 hours operation.
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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100 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principle
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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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