Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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384 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices Table C.12-2 Conversion of SPL to A-wtd Levels, dB Octave Band Center Frequency, Hz Lp, dB A-Wtg. LA dB 31.5 74 -39.4 34.6 63 66 -26.2 39.8 125 71 -16.1 54.9 250 61 -8.6 52.4 500 60 -3.2 56.8 1000 75 +0.0 75.0 2000 82 +1.2 83.2 4000 80 +1.0 81.0 8000 87 -1.1 85.9 The last column is now summed logarithmically to arrive at the overall A-weighted level: L A = 10 Log {Σ 10 (Li/10) } dB (C.12-2) L A = 10 Log {10 (34.6/10) + 10 (39.8/10) + 10 (54.9/10) + 10 (52.4/10) + 10 (56.8/10) + 10 (75.0/10) + 10 (83.2/10) + 10 (81.0/10) + 10 (85.9/10) } dB which results in… L A = 88.9 dB
Appendix C 385 Appendix C-13 Occupational Noise Exposure Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) regulates employee exposure to noise as described in the U.S. code of federal regulations. The code states, “The employer shall administer a continuing, effective hearing conservation program, as described whenever employee noise exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average sound level (TWA) of 85 decibels…or equivalently, a dose of fifty percent.” This is termed the action level when an employer must institute a hearing conservation program and provide hearing protection to employees. The following table lists selected maximum allowable noise level exposure times (see the CFR for a full listing). When an employee is exposed to levels and/or times that exceed those listed then the employer is mandated to reduce employee noise exposure. Table C.13-1 Permissible Noise Exposure Limits (without hearing protection) Decibel Level, n 80 85 90 92 95 97 100 102 105 110 115 Exposure Time, Tn 32 16 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.25 Tn is in hours. For other sound levels, the maximum allowable exposure time (T) based on a particular (measured) sound level (L) is calculated by: T= 8/2 (L-90)/5 hours (C.13-1) When employees are exposed to variable levels of noise then the total noise dose is calculated by, D= 100Σ(Cn/Tn) (C.13-2) This summation is done to measure the employee’s total noise exposure where Cn is the actual exposure time, in hours, at a maximum
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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