Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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174 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices Figure 11-3. Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Energy Systems. The Power- Works 250 microturbine, a 250 kW single shaft gas turbine operating at 45,000 rpm with a 4:1 compression ratio, was derived from the KG-2 1.7 MW gas turbine also manufactured by Ingersoll-Rand. Figure 11-4. Courtesy of Capstone Turbine Corporation. The C30 & C60 microturbine systems are ultra-low-emission combined heat and power generator sets providing up to 30 kW and 60 kW of power, 85 kW and 150 kW of heat, at heat rates of 13,100 Btu/kW- Hr and 12,200 Btu/kW- Hr, respectively.
Microturbines 175 gas turbines) with a radial stage. The selection of turbine wheel design types is primarily a function of parentage (that is, the origin of the microturbine design). While current turbine wheels are made from the same materials used in the larger gas turbines, development of turbine wheels made from monolithic silicon nitride material (a ceramic) is in progress. These new materials will provide improved high temperature creep rate and oxidation resistance. When developed these designs and manufacturing techniques will undoubtedly be incorporated into the multi-megawatt gas turbines—just as advances made in jet engine technology was, and continues to be, transferred to the large industrial gas turbine engine designs. Recuperator Recuperators transfer heat from the turbine exhaust to the combustor inlet (or compressor discharge). In a recuperator the heat transfer occurs through the passage walls (hot exhaust gases on one side and cool compressor air on the other—Figure 11-5). Recuperators are essential to achieving increased efficiency from microturbines. “With recuperation electric efficiencies are typically 26-32% versus 15-22% for non-recuperated units.” 3 Another advantage of recuperators is the reduction in NO x . This reduction is due to the decrease in the amount of fuel (evidenced as an increase in efficiency) and the subsequent decrease in fuel-bound nitrogen (See oxides of nitrogen in Chapter 9 for a detailed discussion of exhaust emissions). The renewed interest in recuperators is extending into the multi-megawatt sizes. Recuperated gas turbines can take advantage of their lower compressor pressure ratios and combustion temperatures to reduce NO x formation. “Recuperated turbine DLE combustors show potential to meet ultra-low emissions levels without any after-treatment.” 4 High temperature recuperator materials are being developed in order to achieve greater than 40% efficiency at a cost less than $500.00 per kilowatt. These materials are expected to operate between 1290 o F (700 o C) and 1830 o F (1000 o C). Among the materials being studied are 347SS, Alloy 230, Modified Alloy 803, Alloy 120, Thermie Alloy, Alloy 625 and Alloy 214. 5
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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100 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principle
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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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