Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkler Lurgi Totzek Brit. Gas Wheeler Coke Water Vertical Fluidized Fixed Entrained Texaco Moving Bed Fluidized Oven Process Gas Retorting Bed Bed Bed Stagging Bed Gas Air Oxygen Steam Analysis: %Mol O 2 — 0.4 0.4 N 2 4.5 6.2 1.0 0.32 1.13 1.13 0.45 0.67 2.8 CO 2 4.7 4.0 19 28.87 6.27 9.22 1.07 11.80 4.0 H 2 O — — — 0.26 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.36 — CO 41 18 38 19.52 55.11 53.06 58.73 43.46 8.0 H 2 49 49.4 40 38.80 3718 35.97 30.87 36.46 51.2 CH 4 0.8 20 2 11.20 — 0.26 7.78 7.35 30.6 C 2 H 6 — — — — — — 0.54 — 3.0 H 2 S — — — 1.0 — 0.20 — — Molecular Weight 15.9 13.1 20.4 21.1 19.3 20.1 19.21 19.51 11.76 LHV (Btu/scf) 273 383 250 274 278 271 354 306 993 LHV (Btu/lb) 6504 11,051 4640 4918 5469 5125 6982 5954 15,890 Wobbe Index Btu/scf 368 568 298 320 341 326 434 373 773 Adiabatic Temp. Rise ∆T stoich. (OC) 2073 1978 1924 1785 2100 2063 2108 1996 1965 A/F stoich. by wt. 4.03 7.87 2.91 3.4 3.34 3.10 4.48 3.86 11.9 Fuel Flow Mass Ratio 3.31 1.95 4.63 4.37 3.93 3.75 3.08 3.61 1.35 Fuel Flow Vol. Ratio 3.32 2.15 4.11 3.82 3.58 4.20 2.81 3.28 1.58 Limits of Flammability Lower U 25 6.38 5.6 7.48 7.50 7.56 7.86 7.04 7.23 4.86 Upper U 25 70.0 38.8 66.7 45.9 72.6 71.6 55.4 55.5 30.2 Ratio 11.0 6.91 8.92 6.12 9.60 9.10 7.86 7.68 6.21 H—/CO (by Vol.) 1.195 2.744 1.053 1.99 0.675 0.678 1 0.526 0.839 6.4 Table C-7-5. Properties of Medium-Btu Gas. 368 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices
Producer Blast Lurgi Lurgi Foster Wellman IGT Shale Fire Gas Furnace Static Static Wheeler Bureau Winkler Galusha U-Gas Oil Process Flood from Gas Bed Bed Fluidized of Mines Fluidized Fixed Fluidized Retorting in Situ Coal + Steam Bed 7644 Bed Bed Bed + in Situ Air Oxygen Steam Analysis % Mat O 2 0.12 — — — — — — — N 2 80 52.4 60 40.26 30.2 50.4 54.5 55.3 50 52 52 CO 2 17 4 11 14.18 10.7 0.5 7.2 10 4 10 10 H 2 O — — —— 0.257 27.8 0.5 — — — — — CO OAS 29 27 16.71 10.7 31.8 20 22 29 19 20 H 2 — 12 2 22.98 15.7 15.6 15.5 12 15 14 15 CH 4 1 2.6 — 4.97 4.4 0.5 2.8 0.7 2 5 3 C 2 H 6 + 1.25 — — — — — — — — — — H 2 S 0.48 — — 0.63 0.5 0.7 — — — — — Molecular Weight 31 25.2 29.25 23.7 22.4 23.97 24.8 26.4 24.5 25.4 25.4 LHV (Btu/scf) 50 150 92.3 165 118 150 132 110 152 145 133 LHV (Btu/lb) 612 2250 1194 2646 2006 2386 2021 1578 2357 2164 1983 Wobbe Index 48 161 91.8 183 134 165 143 115 166 155 142 ∆ T stoich (°C) 628 1574 1204 1548 1258 1646 1453 1338 1603 1467 1439 (A/F) stoich by wt. 2.08 1.41 1.462 1.81 1.40 1.48 1.30 1.040 1.5 1.4 1.28 Fuel Flow Mass Ratio 35.1 9.56 18 8.13 10.7 9.01 10.6 13.6 9.1 9.9 10.8 Fuel Flow Vol Ratio 25.3 7.59 13.3 6.67 9.12 7.41 8.62 10.6 7.4 7.9 8.6 Limits of Flammability Lower U 25 — 17.9 37.59 12.6 18 15.06 16.6 20.5 16.54 17.7 12.5 Upper U 25 — 66.1 73.06 61.8 60.57 69.8 64.95 71.17 66.88 59.0 38.1 Ratio — 3.7 1.94 4.11 3.36 4.64 3.91 3.47 4.04 3.33 2.88 (H 2 /CO) by vol — 0.414 0.074 1.375 1.467 0.491 7.75 0.545 0.517 0.737 0.75 Table C-7-6. Properties of Low-Btu Gas. Appendix C 369
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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100 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principle
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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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Page 370 and 371: 5. Weather Hood Material __________
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