Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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238 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices GAS TURBINE DESIGN DETAILS Flange-to-Flange In a coal gasification system, partial combustion takes place in the gasifier and is completed in the gas turbine combustors. Particulates and sulfur as are removed by cyclones and a HGCU unit between these stages. The final fuel arriving at the machine, although of low heating value, requires relatively few changes to the gas turbine flange-to-flange design. Full benefit can be taken from technology advances in traditionally fueled gas turbines. As in GE’s other “F”-class gas turbines the MS6001FA uses an axial flow compressor with eighteen stages, the first two stages being designed to operate in transonic flow. The first stator stage is variable. Cooling, sealing and starting bleed requirements are handled by ninth and thirteenth stage compressor extraction ports. The rotor is supported on two tiltpad bearings. It is made up from two subassemblies, the compressor rotor and turbine rotor, which are bolted together. The sixteen bladed disks in a through-bolted design give good stiffness and torque carrying capability. The forward bearing is carried on a stub shaft at the front of the compressor. The three stage turbine rotor is a rigid structure comprising wheels separated by spacers with an aft bearing stub shaft. Cooling is provided to wheel spaces, all nozzle stages and bucket stages one and two. Main auxiliaries are motor driven and arranged in two modules. An accessory module contains lubrication oil, hydraulic oil, atomizing air, natural gas/doped propane skids and bleed control valves. The second module would normally house liquid fuel delivery equipment but in this IGCC application, holds the syngas fuel controls. A fire resistant hydraulic system is used for the large, high temperature syngas valves. IGCC Integration/Design Customization Fuel Delivery The fuel system is designed for operation on syngas, natural gas or doped propane. Only natural gas or doped propane can be used for start up with either fuel being delivered through the same fuel system. Once the start is initiated it is not possible to transfer between natural gas and doped propane until the unit is on-line.
Case Study #1 239 A full range of operation from full speed no load to full speed full load will be possible on all fuels and transfers, to or from syngas, can take place down to thirty percent of base load. This maintains a minimum pressure ratio across the fuel nozzle preventing transmission of combustor dynamics or cross-talk between combustors. Co-firing is also an option with the same thirty percent minimum limit apply to each fuel. A low transfer load also minimizes the amount of syngas flaring required. The gasifier has a fixed maximum rate of syngas production. At low ambient temperatures, fuel spiking is required to follow gas turbine output. The MS6001FA gas turbine can accept a limited amount of natural gas mixed with the syngas, to boost the Btu content. In this application the maximum expected is about 8% and an orifice in the natural gas mixing line will limit supply to 15% in the event of a valve malfunction. This protects the gas turbine from excessive surges of energy release in the combustor. On hot days power augmentation can be achieved with steam injection or evaporative coolers. The natural gas/doped propane fuel system, uses a modulating stop ratio valve to provide a constant pressure to a “critical flow” control valve. The position of the valve is then modulated, by the Mk. V Speedtronic ® control to supply the desired fuel flow to the combustors. When not in use, the natural gas/doped propane system is purged with compressor discharge air. Syngas is supplied from the gasifier at a temperature and pressure of approximately 1000°F [538°C] and 240 psia [16.5Bars] respectively (Table 14-3, Typical Syngas Composition). Table 14-3. Typical Syngas Composition ———————————————————————————————— CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE BY VOLUME ———————————————————————————————— Hydrogen 14.58 Nitrogen 48.68 Carbon Monoxide 23.91 Carbon Dioxide 5.45 Methane 1.35 Water 5 45 Ammonia 0.02 Argon 0.56 ————————————————————————————————
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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100 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principle
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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

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