Gas Turbine Handbook : Principles and Practices

370 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices
Appendix C-8
Liquid Fuel Properties
This information is reprinted from an article “The Use of Liquid
Fuel in Industrial Gas Turbines,” by M.A. Galica and K.H. Maden,
courtesy of Solar Turbines Incorporated.
Typical Properties of Liquid Fuels
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True Distillates
Ash-bearing Fuels
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Blended
No. 2 Residuals Heavy
Fuel Type Kerosene Distillate and Crudes Residuals
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Specific Gravity,
60°F/60°F 0.78-0.83 0.82-0.86 0.80-0.92 0.92-1.05
Viscosity, cSt, 100°F 1.4-2.2 2.0-4.0 2-100 100-1800
Flash Point, °F 130-160 150-200 50-200 175-265
Pour Point, °F –50 (–10)–30 15-110 15-95
Lower Heating
Value Btu/lb 18,480-18,700 18,330-18,530 18,000-18,620 17,200-18,000
MJ/kg 42.9-43.4 42.6-43.0 41.8-43.2 39.9-41.8
Filterable Dirt,
% Max 0.002 0.005 0.05 0.2
Carbon Residue
(10% Bottoms), % 0.01-0.1 0.03-0.3 — —
Carbon Residue
(100% Sample), % — — 0.3-3 2-10
Sulfur, % 0.01-0.1 0.1-0.8 0.2-3 0.5-4
Nitrogen, % 0.002-0.01 0.005-0.06 0.06-0.2 0.05-0.9
Hydrogen, % 12.8-14.5 12.2-13.2 12.0-13.2 10-12.5
Ash, ppm 1-5 2-50 25-200 100-1000
Sodium Plus
Potassium, ppm 0-0.05 0-1 1-100 1-350
Vanadium, ppm 0-0.1 0-0.1 0.1-80 5-400
Lead, ppm 0-0.05 0-1 0-1 0-25
Calcium, ppm 0-1 0-2 0-10 0-50
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