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Except the yield stress, the fifth model (SteelJ02) is the same as the fourth model
(SteelJOl). In the fifth model (SteelJ02) the average yield stress proposed by Hsu (1993)
was used.
Fig. SConcreteJOl
Fig. 4 SteelJOl
rMPLEMENTATION
The proposed finite element program uses the smeared crack model for the main
body of a reinforced concrete element in a bridge. The smeared crack model is suitable
because a concrete bridge can be conveniently divided into small elements, each
behaving in an approximately uniform manner. The average stress-strain relationships of
concrete and steel at the element level should capture the primary load-deformation
characteristics of the whole concrete bridge.
Using OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) (Fenves et al.
2001) as a framework, a program (NRCFrame) for nonlinear flexural response analysis of
concrete frames has been developed at the University of Houston (UH) (Jeng 2002) that
can be used to perform linear and nonlinear dynamic response analysis. This program
was validated through comparisons with results from shake table tests on prestressed