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VARIOUS TESTS AND DISSEMINATION OF PROPERTY DATA
Each of the above device types is designed and produced differently by the manufacturers in Japan.
And, the Japanese structural engineers are currently making their own search and judgment when
using the products, relying on the database from each manufacturer. The manual is intended to
provide broad information for assisting such an effort, as well as a uniform basis for assessment of
the various products in order to enable fair judgment and better quality control. In the manual the
property of each damper is described for a common ranges of the loading and environmental
conditions indicated in Table 1. For the data at the conditions not included in Table 1, the special
performance check should be made
Table 1 Design Parameter Ranges
for Passive Control Devices
Furthermore, the manual specifies the
benchmark for the loading and environmental
conditions. The benchmark conditions are: (1)
vibration frequencies of 0.3 Hz and 1 Hz,
typical values for a high-rise building and a
medium-rise building, respectively; (2)
temerature of 20°C, a typical value in a room
where dampers are, and; (3) story drift angle
of 0.03 rad., a traditionally used deformation
limit against the so-called level-2 earthquake
considered in Japan. The benchmark data
will be also used as a comparative basis, to
which variations of property and performance
will be described for the ranges specified in
Tablel.
The damper test method for the range
discussed above can vary according to the
damper's dynamic characteristics and
dependencies on loading and environment.
The test items are listed in Table 2 for each
Frequency
Temperature
Story Drift
Angle
Number of
Cyclic
Excursions
Normal Range: 0.2— 3 Hz*
Normal Range: 10-30t**
Major Earthquake: 1/100 rad.
Rare Wind Storm • 1 /200 rad.
Frequent Wind : 1/1 0,000 rad.
Major Earthquake: 10 cycles
Rare Wind Storm : 1 ,000 cycles
Frequent Wind: 1,000,000 cycles
Special design consideration will be given for
frequencies under 0.2 Hz, or over 3~~10 Hz.
Special design consideration will be given for low
temperature -IO~--Q 0 C, or high temperature 30~
40°C.
device type. Especially, the loading test data considering the range in Table 1 and the items
described in Table 2 should be sufficient for creating the proper analysis model of each damper.
In principle, full-size dampers should be tested, which, however, may not be possible due to the
limited experimental capabilities. Test methodologies for a reduced-scale damper will be carefully
determined for each device type. Detailed information regarding the device properties and testing
methods can be found from the papers (Refs. 5 to 8, 24 to 27) written by the Oil, Viscous,
Viscoelastic, and Steel Device Working Groups that are defined by Ref. 1.
POLICIES ON PROPERTY DECLARATION, QUALITY ASSURANCE, AND MAINTENANCE
It is necessary to specify the performance demand for the damper as well as performance limit of
the selected damper in a building plan document. The performance demand should reflect the
items listed in Tables 1 and 2, and could include information such as expected maximum responses
at the design load level. It is also desirable to indicate in the document and damper itself whether
or not the damper is to be replaced after a major earthquake. When the damper is intended for a
long-term use, careful evaluations must be made for the effects of a series of earthquakes that could
be experienced by the damper. Especially when using a damper that yields and deforms
permanently, expected consequence must be stated in the document and explained to the building
owners.
Post-earthquake investigations into a trace of proper functioning as well as possible damage of the
damper must be performed as efficiently as possible, and it is desirable to provide the architectural
detail that makes this task easy. However, in most cases the finish materials covering the damper