An investigation into the phenomena and practices of spiritual ...

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in Gooch‟s view that nurses do not need religious belief to be effective professionals. Thefact that they do not believe does not detract from the truth and from the belief of otherssuch as Ewles and Simnett (2003) and other health promoters who tentatively promote thespiritual aspect of healing.On the other hand, many claims of healing by religious fanatics have resulted in the deathsof vulnerable people who are unable to make decisions and take actions independently.Many of these cases are outlined in Peters‟ (2008) account of healing rituals, children, andthe law. Peters (2008:177) claims „Observers from outside the General Assemblies of theChurch of the Firstborn, a relatively small Pentecostal church whose roots dates back to theearly nineteenth century, claims that its ineffective healing practices has resulted in thedeaths of at least two dozen children.‟The minister or spiritual healer does not claim to have medical knowledge or to have anyknowledge outside of the person seeking healing or their medical practitioner. Theinterview material shows some people in Black-majority Pentecostal congregations willseek spiritual healing in preference to getting a sick note from their doctor, so that they cancontinue to work. Seeking spiritual healing before going to the doctor for a medicaldiagnosis means that the person has probably made his own diagnosis and has engagedwith the sicole or illness behaviour in a way that is outside of Parsons‟ (1975) fourcomponents of the sick role even if it can fit within some of the later theories of illnessbehaviour summarised by Weiss and Lonnquist (2005) . The minister or spiritual healerwill often advise the person to seek confirmation from their doctor that the condition existsand that the person is not asking for healing for something that is only in their mind. Oncethey have attended the doctor and have a diagnosis they can then engage with the illness171
ehaviour model. In this situation, as the spiritual healer may encourage the input of themedical doctor if it is impossible for him to claim alternative therapy for the healingprocess.For individuals entering Pentecostal worship and healing services, their main purpose maybe to seek forgiveness for their sins, to experience spiritual growth and to develop a betterunderstanding of God. However, many eventually become aware of the pecking order andensuing political power struggle within the church. While some choose to close their eyesto these kinds of all-too-human interaction, and focus on personally living a „godly‟ life,others complain bitterly about others‟ promotions and either leave the church or seekpromotion elsewhere. Their acceptance of the ideal of the church as led by the Holy Spiritmay remain intact, even if they see the operation of their own congregation or church ashaving failed to live up to that ideal.Frequently those performing menial tasks are divorced from the management discussionswhere the allocations of gifts and responsibilities are allocated. Consequently „workingclass‟Black majority churches might find it hard to embrace collaborative interaction inthe same way as more „middle-class‟ churches with a historic system of congregationalgovernment. Black church members were and are still in the minority in the workforce,often engaged in menial, manual and low paid roles, and accustomed not to questionmanagement decisions. Within the context of their understanding and their training theministers have power and authority as the person who make the final decision in theorganization at local and higher organizational level. Pentecostal ministers are not expectedto have three years of training for the ministry in the same way as the URC churchministers. Churches such as COGIC train their ministers on the job with minimum book172
Page 1:
Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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AcknowledgementsI extend much grati
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Chapter 3: Methodology 633.1 Introd
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7.3 Prayer as Health Seeking Behavi
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CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT
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healing, bricolage and the use of s
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To remedy these gaps in the discour
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do with me‟ so she sent me to sch
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Interestingly, after 30 years of pr
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listening to a group of people that
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that I felt within the Black majori
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Chapter 3 describes the methodology
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espondents‟ perception of sufferi
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CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Int
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themes, it became necessary to revi
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suggests a combined approach where
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and healing as a kind of self-impro
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eports that the English believed th
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According to Davey et al (2002) ill
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deviant behaviour. The difference b
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church concretised the ideas of rel
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theology. It is no accident that th
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concept of culture we inevitably do
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When we look at the effect of cultu
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to help us to understand the totali
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information about the association a
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when emotional wounds are healed or
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climatic conditions, shelter and a
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cancers has been documented by Phil
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concepts of reality and destiny are
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healer intentionally through a proc
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attachments that meet humans' funda
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distinguish from mental disorders.
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take a phenomenological and ethnogr
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coming but her method is not primar
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from posters on the church notice b
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Healing services in both churches f
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Qualitative method can, however, be
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3.5 Problems of participant and non
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difficulties that were to be presen
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isolating experience was certainly
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not necessarily addressed through t
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It may not be possible for all the
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signed to their awareness and appro
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Consequently the practice relating
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problem free. Ethnography requires
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ecommended by the Pastor. When they
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The greater proportion of females i
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difficulties involved in constructi
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musical Pentecostal style of worshi
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The different emphases in soteriolo
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literature may remain in its infanc
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does not mean „Pentecostal‟ nor
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church, the cultural differences we
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umbrella of churches. The leaders c
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local autonomy, the majority of Con
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The post-1905 Pentecostals saw thei
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the Holy Ghost). Interestingly the
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the churches they are busy breaking
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friends started to meet in the home
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such as COGIC, have developed a str
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the church group to strangers. In t
Page 129 and 130: and illustrate the oral tradition o
Page 131 and 132: 4.8.1. Description of the inside of
Page 133 and 134: The order of service below is based
Page 135 and 136: forgiving note may signify partial
Page 137 and 138: Table 3 Organisational hierarchy of
Page 139 and 140: One of the original churches which
Page 141 and 142: communion table. To the right of th
Page 143 and 144: Minister used an acronym to illustr
Page 145 and 146: GloriaPrayer for grace or collectSc
Page 147 and 148: service whilst URC church attendees
Page 149 and 150: mainstream Christianity, their doct
Page 151 and 152: on the project and make requests to
Page 153 and 154: made to integrate the white people
Page 155 and 156: ‗Garlic is good for reducing high
Page 157 and 158: 4.13 ConclusionThis chapter began w
Page 159 and 160: organization. This role can only be
Page 161 and 162: 5.3 The Authority and Power of the
Page 163 and 164: to become approved (professional) m
Page 165 and 166: majority. In recent years with Brit
Page 167 and 168: leadership although it is about aut
Page 169 and 170: Azusa Street outpouring in 1906. Af
Page 171 and 172: other who wal sorderly, and not of
Page 173 and 174: Although the Holy Spirit was presen
Page 175 and 176: Respondent 3 covered topics includi
Page 177 and 178: Respondent 10 (below) has similar v
Page 179: of rejection by the host community
Page 183 and 184: and they feel. It is not everybody
Page 185 and 186: many sections of society. It also s
Page 187 and 188: people. These qualities, however, a
Page 189 and 190: came across as though he was presen
Page 191 and 192: very important for this.On occasion
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER SIXSUFFERING AND HEALING6.1
Page 195 and 196: mind body and spirit implies that i
Page 197 and 198: suffering. Most of these situations
Page 199 and 200: Respondent: Not for my sister she h
Page 201 and 202: man to repent and return to the cre
Page 203 and 204: clotting treatment. After the treat
Page 205 and 206: gift of miraculous powers go with t
Page 207 and 208: What I teach on this matter is, tha
Page 209 and 210: The bible does not condemn, forbid
Page 211 and 212: possibility of impending change in
Page 213 and 214: prayer or they are rested. What is
Page 215 and 216: „Whatever the educational attainm
Page 217 and 218: „The message of Job is a comfort
Page 219 and 220: he has questioned God‟s purposes
Page 221 and 222: pray for them. In the words of seve
Page 223 and 224: demonic forces. Explanations of spi
Page 225 and 226: In the observation example quoted a
Page 227 and 228: employed by the mother had she live
Page 229 and 230: healing. Worthington et al. (2007)
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in the account of a young mother in
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y not having a normal relationship
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and not related to any one cultural
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prayer to ma e me better‟, as tho
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Non-academic, or „popular‟ Chri
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when the healer petitions God in pr
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health and the ways in which hospit
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showing lethargy in praying, failin
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know when you have stomach ulcer yo
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ministers like Harris (2002) 3 . Th
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Healing services in the URC are mor
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Respondent: You have to have the gi
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psychological effect of knowing her
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Chapter 2, without taking some posi
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Prayer for distant healing takes pl
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Although prayers for healing are sa
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The healing services also include f
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The method and processes of closing
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7.7. ConclusionThis chapter has exa
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This chapter was born out of observ
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website (http://www.stonybrookmedic
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For those who reject traditional Ch
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hands on the forehead of each perso
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The minister also invited the rest
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service closed with silence accompa
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In this respondent‟s‟ account,
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Below are brief parts of extracts p
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service was when the speaker came t
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observed believed the aura of the h
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Ministers/healers of these two cong
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constituent of worship even where t
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to herself, and argues that music h
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could not read or write. Such music
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linking the psychic/mythological an
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group coordination through rhythmo-
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People can become so involved in a
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visual and auditory areas which act
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Campbell (1998) argue that as music
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The extracts from fieldwork notes b
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In COGIC the singing is accompanied
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when I was ill. Then my mum died th
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The passage cited from Respondent 1
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CHAPTER TENCONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
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etween health professionals and chu
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The initial aim of the study: „to
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part of worship services a priority
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health professionals and spiritual
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are culturally conditioned rational
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professionals. Despite the differen
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prominent amongst people who attend
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ReferencesAchterberg, J., (1985) Im
Page 333 and 334:
Bentham, J., (2001ff, originally 18
Page 335 and 336:
Department of Health, (1999) Saving
Page 337 and 338:
Hall, S., (1985) “Religious Ideol
Page 339 and 340:
Katz, J. J., (1990) Metaphysics of
Page 341 and 342:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/artic
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Pullar, P., (1988) Spiritual and La
Page 345 and 346:
Comparative Perspective, Berg, Oxfo
Page 347 and 348:
International, London and New York.
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