An investigation into the phenomena and practices of spiritual ...

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Both Tugwell et al (1976) and Rice and Huffstatler (2001) point out that consciousnessof the connection between sickness and sin in the scriptures has survived in theReformed tradition as well as in Pentecostalism. Rice and Huffstatler (2001)interestingly observe that the healing ministry almost disappeared from the mainstreamchurch (apart perhaps from the rite of the last sacrament (viaticum) administered to thedying) but has in the last few decades returned to many older Christian churches. Thiswas perhaps prompted by the fact that at the same time as the disappearance of thehealing ministry in the mainstream Protestant churches, the healing ministry in thePentecostal churches had gathered momentum.The different approach to healing between COGIC and URC suggests that culturaldifferences in worship style are as important as differences in doctrine. With referenceto spiritual healing, these varying practices may in part derive from the fact that manyURC members have the capacity to articulate their thoughts to a nuanced understandingof the relationship between spiritual and physical health. In COGIC, as the majority ofthe church attenders are not able (or choose not to) develop their thoughts on explainingmiraculous healing; they are more ready to accept the statement ‟it was a miracle‟without any further explanation.The Pentecostals believe that healing is inherent in salvation and both are possible in aninstant or over a period of time, whereas, URC members are more likely to believe thathealing takes place over a period of time and is less likely to be instantaneous.Although the minister is expected to sanction healing activities, the importance of ahealing ministry remains a matter of individual perception. The need to make healing a311
part of worship services a priority, or appointing spiritual healers can be sidelined if theresident minister attaches too little attention to such matters.In Chapter 5 consideration was given to the role of the minister, organisational cultureand the concept of power and control in church governance and spiritual healing atdifferent levels; local, national and international levels in both churches were allexplored. The finding of an overt link between healing and salvation in COGIC, thePentecostal church, that is different to the URC, illustrates the different cultures andtheologies of the observed congregations.COGIC ministers „allow‟ the Holy Spirit to guide the church services with reference tothe length of service which they often extend over a longer period of time. Thishowever may be a result of the cultural background of the people who want to take timewithout limitation to worship God. This non-limitation of time may also be acontributing factor to their claim for healing. The order of the service may also changeas a result of „the direction of the Holy Spirit‟. This maybe because the minister cannotexplain a reason for the change and the worship style of visitation of the Holy Spirit, ason the day of Pentecost and later in the Azusa Street revival which legitimate theirliturgical norms.Chapter 6 examines suffering as an outcome of imbalance in homeostasis and one ofthe causal factors for people to seek spiritual healing. When exploring suffering it isfound that it is inextricably linked with faith and healing, now or in the afterlife forthose who believe in an afterlife. The „Apostles‟ Creed‟, written when the earlyChristians suffered much persecution and were forced to renounce their faith under312
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Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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AcknowledgementsI extend much grati
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Chapter 3: Methodology 633.1 Introd
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7.3 Prayer as Health Seeking Behavi
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CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT
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healing, bricolage and the use of s
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To remedy these gaps in the discour
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do with me‟ so she sent me to sch
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Interestingly, after 30 years of pr
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listening to a group of people that
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that I felt within the Black majori
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Chapter 3 describes the methodology
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espondents‟ perception of sufferi
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CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Int
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themes, it became necessary to revi
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suggests a combined approach where
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and healing as a kind of self-impro
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eports that the English believed th
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According to Davey et al (2002) ill
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deviant behaviour. The difference b
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church concretised the ideas of rel
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theology. It is no accident that th
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concept of culture we inevitably do
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When we look at the effect of cultu
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to help us to understand the totali
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information about the association a
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when emotional wounds are healed or
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climatic conditions, shelter and a
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cancers has been documented by Phil
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concepts of reality and destiny are
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healer intentionally through a proc
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attachments that meet humans' funda
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distinguish from mental disorders.
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take a phenomenological and ethnogr
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coming but her method is not primar
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from posters on the church notice b
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Healing services in both churches f
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Qualitative method can, however, be
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3.5 Problems of participant and non
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difficulties that were to be presen
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isolating experience was certainly
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not necessarily addressed through t
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It may not be possible for all the
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signed to their awareness and appro
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Consequently the practice relating
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problem free. Ethnography requires
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ecommended by the Pastor. When they
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The greater proportion of females i
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difficulties involved in constructi
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musical Pentecostal style of worshi
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The different emphases in soteriolo
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literature may remain in its infanc
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does not mean „Pentecostal‟ nor
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church, the cultural differences we
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umbrella of churches. The leaders c
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local autonomy, the majority of Con
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The post-1905 Pentecostals saw thei
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the Holy Ghost). Interestingly the
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the churches they are busy breaking
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friends started to meet in the home
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such as COGIC, have developed a str
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the church group to strangers. In t
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and illustrate the oral tradition o
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4.8.1. Description of the inside of
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The order of service below is based
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forgiving note may signify partial
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Table 3 Organisational hierarchy of
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One of the original churches which
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communion table. To the right of th
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Minister used an acronym to illustr
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GloriaPrayer for grace or collectSc
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service whilst URC church attendees
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mainstream Christianity, their doct
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on the project and make requests to
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made to integrate the white people
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‗Garlic is good for reducing high
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4.13 ConclusionThis chapter began w
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organization. This role can only be
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5.3 The Authority and Power of the
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to become approved (professional) m
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majority. In recent years with Brit
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leadership although it is about aut
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Azusa Street outpouring in 1906. Af
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other who wal sorderly, and not of
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Although the Holy Spirit was presen
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Respondent 3 covered topics includi
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Respondent 10 (below) has similar v
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of rejection by the host community
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ehaviour model. In this situation,
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and they feel. It is not everybody
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many sections of society. It also s
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people. These qualities, however, a
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came across as though he was presen
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very important for this.On occasion
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CHAPTER SIXSUFFERING AND HEALING6.1
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mind body and spirit implies that i
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suffering. Most of these situations
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Respondent: Not for my sister she h
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man to repent and return to the cre
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clotting treatment. After the treat
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gift of miraculous powers go with t
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What I teach on this matter is, tha
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The bible does not condemn, forbid
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possibility of impending change in
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prayer or they are rested. What is
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„Whatever the educational attainm
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„The message of Job is a comfort
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he has questioned God‟s purposes
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pray for them. In the words of seve
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demonic forces. Explanations of spi
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In the observation example quoted a
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employed by the mother had she live
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healing. Worthington et al. (2007)
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in the account of a young mother in
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y not having a normal relationship
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and not related to any one cultural
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prayer to ma e me better‟, as tho
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Non-academic, or „popular‟ Chri
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when the healer petitions God in pr
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health and the ways in which hospit
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showing lethargy in praying, failin
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know when you have stomach ulcer yo
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ministers like Harris (2002) 3 . Th
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Healing services in the URC are mor
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Respondent: You have to have the gi
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psychological effect of knowing her
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Chapter 2, without taking some posi
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Prayer for distant healing takes pl
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Although prayers for healing are sa
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The healing services also include f
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The method and processes of closing
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7.7. ConclusionThis chapter has exa
Page 269 and 270: This chapter was born out of observ
Page 271 and 272: website (http://www.stonybrookmedic
Page 273 and 274: For those who reject traditional Ch
Page 275 and 276: hands on the forehead of each perso
Page 277 and 278: The minister also invited the rest
Page 279 and 280: service closed with silence accompa
Page 281 and 282: In this respondent‟s‟ account,
Page 283 and 284: Below are brief parts of extracts p
Page 285 and 286: service was when the speaker came t
Page 287 and 288: observed believed the aura of the h
Page 289 and 290: Ministers/healers of these two cong
Page 291 and 292: constituent of worship even where t
Page 293 and 294: to herself, and argues that music h
Page 295 and 296: could not read or write. Such music
Page 297 and 298: linking the psychic/mythological an
Page 299 and 300: group coordination through rhythmo-
Page 301 and 302: People can become so involved in a
Page 303 and 304: visual and auditory areas which act
Page 305 and 306: Campbell (1998) argue that as music
Page 307 and 308: The extracts from fieldwork notes b
Page 309 and 310: In COGIC the singing is accompanied
Page 311 and 312: when I was ill. Then my mum died th
Page 313 and 314: The passage cited from Respondent 1
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER TENCONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
Page 317 and 318: etween health professionals and chu
Page 319: The initial aim of the study: „to
Page 323 and 324: health professionals and spiritual
Page 325 and 326: are culturally conditioned rational
Page 327 and 328: professionals. Despite the differen
Page 329 and 330: prominent amongst people who attend
Page 331 and 332: ReferencesAchterberg, J., (1985) Im
Page 333 and 334: Bentham, J., (2001ff, originally 18
Page 335 and 336: Department of Health, (1999) Saving
Page 337 and 338: Hall, S., (1985) “Religious Ideol
Page 339 and 340: Katz, J. J., (1990) Metaphysics of
Page 341 and 342: http://emedicine.medscape.com/artic
Page 343 and 344: Pullar, P., (1988) Spiritual and La
Page 345 and 346: Comparative Perspective, Berg, Oxfo
Page 347 and 348: International, London and New York.
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