An investigation into the phenomena and practices of spiritual ...

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how contemporary sociologists dealing with health issues have used it as a startingpoint to develop a much expanded model of a broader range of health-seekingbehaviour (Weiss and Lonnquist 2005). When they do this, however, we fatallyundermine the logical role Parsons‟ sick role theory played within his broaderfunctionalist theory about the evolutionary change from traditional rural to modernindustrial society. Parsons believed that the modern doctor-patient relationship wasessential to keep modern industry running by preventing malingering, and that this hadcreated a modern and scientifically governed way of being ill in modern society.Sometimes Parsons is accused by health professionals in training of developing aculturally limited model of the sick role. This rather misses the point; Parsons alwaysthought the sick role was a relatively new development of western industrial society.This eurocentric concept of progress could have contributed to the reasons whycontemporary western society has been reluctant to recognise alternative forms ofhealing and so has been unwilling to legitimise and regulate their practitioners.Parsons and Lévi-Strauss shared the beliefs of the great majority of sociologists andanthropologists, in the distinction between the primitive and the modern, and thathistory is the story of the journey from the one to the other. Parsons studied the modern,and described the distinctive way in which modern people deal with illness as „the sickrole‘. Lévi-Strauss studied the primitive mind and described the way primitive peopledeal with illness as bricolage. When we turn our minds away from grand theories ofhistory to empirical studies of how people actually behave when they are faced with thenever-ending and unavoidable problems of pain, disease and death and an eternityknowable only through faith and speculation, we find remarkable similarities. Peopledo whatever they think will work, and embedded in their assessment of what will work315
are culturally conditioned rationalities which can be studied, predicted and used tomake policy.10.5 Conclusion and Reflections on the ResearchThe advantages and disadvantages to the researcher of being a member of the sameethnic and cultural group observed and with similar experience of migration to Britainare complex, as noted by Ahmad (1993) and Kelleher (1996). Knowledge of the basicrules and social conduct gave the advantage of easy access to the population but did notnecessarily create an ability to interpret the meanings of words and symbols correctly.To observe the relationships between the healer and those requesting healing wasinteresting although I often felt as if I were an intruder in a sacred space between theparticipants in their healing relationship and God.Having access to the community in the researcher‟s role has highlighted areas of newknowledge, such as the common factors of the power relationships in the hierarchy ofthe church with the secular world. The fact that there is belief in the authority of theHoly Spirit does not detract from the reality of the human power structures. It is morelikely that the authority of the Holy Spirit is acknowledged in words only, rather thanbe actually appreciated and utilised. I am acutely aware of the complacency ofnumerous church members in accepting the authority of the Minister, even when theydo not agree with the outcomes of such authority. Many do this on the premise that316
Page 1:
Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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AcknowledgementsI extend much grati
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Chapter 3: Methodology 633.1 Introd
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7.3 Prayer as Health Seeking Behavi
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CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT
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healing, bricolage and the use of s
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To remedy these gaps in the discour
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do with me‟ so she sent me to sch
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Interestingly, after 30 years of pr
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listening to a group of people that
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that I felt within the Black majori
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Chapter 3 describes the methodology
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espondents‟ perception of sufferi
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CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Int
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themes, it became necessary to revi
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suggests a combined approach where
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and healing as a kind of self-impro
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eports that the English believed th
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According to Davey et al (2002) ill
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deviant behaviour. The difference b
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church concretised the ideas of rel
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theology. It is no accident that th
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concept of culture we inevitably do
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When we look at the effect of cultu
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to help us to understand the totali
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information about the association a
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when emotional wounds are healed or
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climatic conditions, shelter and a
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cancers has been documented by Phil
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concepts of reality and destiny are
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healer intentionally through a proc
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attachments that meet humans' funda
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distinguish from mental disorders.
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take a phenomenological and ethnogr
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coming but her method is not primar
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from posters on the church notice b
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Healing services in both churches f
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Qualitative method can, however, be
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3.5 Problems of participant and non
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difficulties that were to be presen
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isolating experience was certainly
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not necessarily addressed through t
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It may not be possible for all the
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signed to their awareness and appro
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Consequently the practice relating
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problem free. Ethnography requires
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ecommended by the Pastor. When they
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The greater proportion of females i
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difficulties involved in constructi
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musical Pentecostal style of worshi
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The different emphases in soteriolo
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literature may remain in its infanc
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does not mean „Pentecostal‟ nor
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church, the cultural differences we
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umbrella of churches. The leaders c
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local autonomy, the majority of Con
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The post-1905 Pentecostals saw thei
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the Holy Ghost). Interestingly the
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the churches they are busy breaking
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friends started to meet in the home
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such as COGIC, have developed a str
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the church group to strangers. In t
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and illustrate the oral tradition o
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4.8.1. Description of the inside of
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The order of service below is based
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forgiving note may signify partial
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Table 3 Organisational hierarchy of
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One of the original churches which
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communion table. To the right of th
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Minister used an acronym to illustr
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GloriaPrayer for grace or collectSc
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service whilst URC church attendees
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mainstream Christianity, their doct
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on the project and make requests to
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made to integrate the white people
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‗Garlic is good for reducing high
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4.13 ConclusionThis chapter began w
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organization. This role can only be
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5.3 The Authority and Power of the
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to become approved (professional) m
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majority. In recent years with Brit
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leadership although it is about aut
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Azusa Street outpouring in 1906. Af
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other who wal sorderly, and not of
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Although the Holy Spirit was presen
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Respondent 3 covered topics includi
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Respondent 10 (below) has similar v
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of rejection by the host community
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ehaviour model. In this situation,
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and they feel. It is not everybody
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many sections of society. It also s
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people. These qualities, however, a
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came across as though he was presen
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very important for this.On occasion
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CHAPTER SIXSUFFERING AND HEALING6.1
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mind body and spirit implies that i
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suffering. Most of these situations
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Respondent: Not for my sister she h
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man to repent and return to the cre
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clotting treatment. After the treat
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gift of miraculous powers go with t
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What I teach on this matter is, tha
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The bible does not condemn, forbid
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possibility of impending change in
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prayer or they are rested. What is
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„Whatever the educational attainm
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„The message of Job is a comfort
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he has questioned God‟s purposes
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pray for them. In the words of seve
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demonic forces. Explanations of spi
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In the observation example quoted a
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employed by the mother had she live
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healing. Worthington et al. (2007)
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in the account of a young mother in
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y not having a normal relationship
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and not related to any one cultural
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prayer to ma e me better‟, as tho
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Non-academic, or „popular‟ Chri
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when the healer petitions God in pr
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health and the ways in which hospit
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showing lethargy in praying, failin
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know when you have stomach ulcer yo
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ministers like Harris (2002) 3 . Th
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Healing services in the URC are mor
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Respondent: You have to have the gi
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psychological effect of knowing her
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Chapter 2, without taking some posi
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Prayer for distant healing takes pl
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Although prayers for healing are sa
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The healing services also include f
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The method and processes of closing
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7.7. ConclusionThis chapter has exa
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This chapter was born out of observ
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website (http://www.stonybrookmedic
Page 273 and 274: For those who reject traditional Ch
Page 275 and 276: hands on the forehead of each perso
Page 277 and 278: The minister also invited the rest
Page 279 and 280: service closed with silence accompa
Page 281 and 282: In this respondent‟s‟ account,
Page 283 and 284: Below are brief parts of extracts p
Page 285 and 286: service was when the speaker came t
Page 287 and 288: observed believed the aura of the h
Page 289 and 290: Ministers/healers of these two cong
Page 291 and 292: constituent of worship even where t
Page 293 and 294: to herself, and argues that music h
Page 295 and 296: could not read or write. Such music
Page 297 and 298: linking the psychic/mythological an
Page 299 and 300: group coordination through rhythmo-
Page 301 and 302: People can become so involved in a
Page 303 and 304: visual and auditory areas which act
Page 305 and 306: Campbell (1998) argue that as music
Page 307 and 308: The extracts from fieldwork notes b
Page 309 and 310: In COGIC the singing is accompanied
Page 311 and 312: when I was ill. Then my mum died th
Page 313 and 314: The passage cited from Respondent 1
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER TENCONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
Page 317 and 318: etween health professionals and chu
Page 319 and 320: The initial aim of the study: „to
Page 321 and 322: part of worship services a priority
Page 323: health professionals and spiritual
Page 327 and 328: professionals. Despite the differen
Page 329 and 330: prominent amongst people who attend
Page 331 and 332: ReferencesAchterberg, J., (1985) Im
Page 333 and 334: Bentham, J., (2001ff, originally 18
Page 335 and 336: Department of Health, (1999) Saving
Page 337 and 338: Hall, S., (1985) “Religious Ideol
Page 339 and 340: Katz, J. J., (1990) Metaphysics of
Page 341 and 342: http://emedicine.medscape.com/artic
Page 343 and 344: Pullar, P., (1988) Spiritual and La
Page 345 and 346: Comparative Perspective, Berg, Oxfo
Page 347 and 348: International, London and New York.
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