CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Using Graphical Circuit Analysis

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Acknowledgements Many people helped to make this thesis possible. I am indebted to my supervisor, David Johns, for being my mentor for the last ten years, for guiding me, both personally and professionally, and for providing me with the opportunities that I needed to grow as both a researcher and instructor. I wish to thank Professors Ken Martin, John Long, and Igor Filanovsky for their valuable comments and suggestions throughout the thesis. To Professor Adel Sedra: my sincere thanks for your advice, support, and wisdom throughout the years. Many thanks to Professor Keith Balmain and to Gerald Dubois for their help with the EMC chamber, and to Dr. Agustin Ochoa Jr. and Takis Zourntos for their helpful discussions on the DPI/SFG method. On a broader note, I wish to acknowledge the many professors in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering who have inspired me with their teaching. I endeavour to pass on to future students that which I have so richly inherited from them. I wish to thank my friends at the University of Toronto for their invaluable technical assistance and for making my years here so special. In particular, I want to thank Bahram Zand, James Maligeorgos, Steve Hranilovic, Ali Sheikholeslami, Wynstan Tong, Kasra Ardalan, Vincent Gaudet, Steve Jantzi, Stephen Alie, Bryn Owen, and Karen Kozma. A special thanks to my dear friends Angela Chuang, Ben Schwartz, and Ravi Ananth for their constant encouragement, support, and prayers during my studies. To my wife, Du: thank you for your tireless support of our family throughout this work. To you I owe everything — with compound interest! My deepest thanks to my parents for their unfailing love and support, and for teaching Du, me, and our wonderful sons, Damen and Steven, the true meaning of family. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the funding support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Micronet, and the University of Toronto. IC fabrication was facilitated by the Canadian Microelectronics Corporation (CMC). iii
Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Thesis Outline 5 References 7 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND 10 2.1 Photodetectors 10 2.2 Optical Preamplifier Structures 13 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier Design Requirements 16 2.3.1 Wide Dynamic Range 16 2.3.2 Ambient Light Rejection 20 2.3.3 Low-Voltage Operation 22 2.4 Circuit Analysis Techniques 24 2.4.1 Transistor Feedback Amplifier: A Comparative Example 26 2.5 An Overview of Signal-Flow Graphs 34 2.5.1 Mason’s Direct Rule 38 2.6 Summary 39 References 39 CHAPTER 3 NEW TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER STRUCTURES 43 3.1 A Differential Transimpedance Amplifier with Wide Dynamic Range 43 3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient Light Rejection 51 3.3 A Low-Voltage Transimpedance Amplifier 56 3.3.1 Dynamic Gate Biasing 62 3.4 Summary 71 References 72 CHAPTER 4 THE DPI/SFG ANALYSIS METHOD 74 4.1 Introduction 74 4.2 Circuit Analysis Using Driving-Point Impedances 77 4.2.1 The Complete DPI Analysis Procedure 80 iv
Page 1 and 2: CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Us
Page 3: To achieve low-voltage operation, w
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1 1.1 OVERVIEW Introduction
Page 9 and 10: Information Source Modulator Drive
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Thesis Outline 5 [Ohhata,1999].
Page 13 and 14: 1.2 Thesis Outline 7 technique call
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Thesis Outline 9 Detector in St
Page 17 and 18: E e + - V bias 2.1 Photodetectors 1
Page 19 and 20: Diode Capacitance (pF) Diode capaci
Page 21 and 22: 2.2 Optical Preamplifier Structures
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier Design
Page 27 and 28: I dc 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier D
Page 31 and 32: Source Figure 2.11 General structur
Page 33 and 34: A = = For = 1V , the solution is v
Page 35 and 36: The gain of the forward amplifier c
Page 37 and 38: Feedback Analysis Using Return Rati
Page 39 and 40: 2.4 Circuit Analysis Techniques 33
Page 41 and 42: 2.5 An Overview of Signal-Flow Grap
Page 43 and 44: 1 x1 x2 2.5 An Overview of Signal-F
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 SUMMARY REFERENCES • ∆ k =
Page 47 and 48: Symp. Circuits Systems, vol. 3, pp.
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 3 New Transimpedance Amplif
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 A Differential Transimpedance A
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 A Differential Transimpedance A
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3.1 A Differential Transimpedance A
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3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient
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3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient
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Transimpedance (dBΩ) 90 80 60 40
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3.3 A Low-Voltage Transimpedance Am
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C 3 Φ1VB M 3 V B- =0.7V M 7 Figure
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3.4 SUMMARY 3.4 Summary 71 In this
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3.4 Summary 73 Y. Nakagome et al.,
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4.1 Introduction 75 back topology o
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4.2 Circuit Analysis Using Driving-
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4.3 DPI/SFG: Combining DPI Analysis
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4.4 Determining Port Impedances 87
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v i R in v o R out 4.4 Determining
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id » ro and 1 ⁄ rid « Av ⁄ ro
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Z b r e g m 4.5 Analyzing Transisto
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4.5 Analyzing Transistor Circuits 9
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Figure 4.25 SFG for the source foll
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5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Tra
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5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Tra
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5.2 DEVELOPING AN ANALYTIC CIRCUIT
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Z in 5.2 Developing an Analytic Cir
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5.2 Developing an Analytic Circuit
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I n1 : i in I n2 -I n1 i scin ( sCi
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I nRf : 5.2 Developing an Analytic
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DC transimpedance gain: Pole locati
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Frequency (MHz) 500 450 400 350 300
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Pole frequencies(MHz) 500 450 400 3
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Optimizing Sensitivity 5.2 Developi
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Transimpedance Volts dB (lin) Gain
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CHAPTER 6 Implementation and Experi
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6.1 A 1V Optical Receiver Front-End
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6.1.2 Experimental Results 6.1 A 1V
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Gain(dB) 0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5
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Clock signal of voltage doubler Eye
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6.2 Variable-Gain Transimpedance Am
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6.2.2 Experimental Results 6.2 Vari
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6.3 Summary and State-of-the-Art Co
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Reference Outputs Technology Supply
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CHAPTER 7 Conclusions 7.1 SUMMARY A
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7.2 Future Work 165 The significanc
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7.2 Future Work 167 supply and subs
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v s i ti that part of the SFG for Q
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Thus, P1 ′ = b = 500Ω ∆1 ′
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itive representation of circuit dyn
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Bipolar Transistor i scb Z b v b b
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