CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Using Graphical Circuit Analysis

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4.3 DPI/SFG: Combining DPI Analysis and Signal-Flow Graphs 84 4.4 Determining Port Impedances 87 4.4.1 Deriving Blackman’s Impedance Formula 91 4.5 Analyzing Transistor Circuits 96 4.5.1 Signal-Flow Graphs of Transistors 96 4.5.2 Transistor Circuit Examples 100 References 106 CHAPTER 5 CIRCUIT DESIGN USING THE DPI/SFG METHOD 108 5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Transimpedance Amplifier 109 5.2 Developing an Analytic Circuit Model 113 5.2.1 Modeling the Frequency Response 113 5.2.2 Modeling the Amplifier Noise 117 5.2.3 Design Optimization 124 5.3 Summary 136 References 136 CHAPTER 6 IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 137 6.1 A 1V Optical Receiver Front-End 137 6.1.1 Receiver Building Blocks 137 6.1.2 Experimental Results 143 6.2 Variable-Gain Transimpedance Amplifier with Ambient Light Rejection 154 6.2.1 Implementation Details 154 6.2.2 Experimental Results 157 6.3 Summary and State-of-the-Art Comparison 159 References 162 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 163 7.1 Summary and Conclusions 163 7.2 Future Work 165 References 167 APPENDIX A ANALYSIS OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER USING DPI/SFG 168 APPENDIX B HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR MODELS 174 v
CHAPTER 1 1.1 OVERVIEW Introduction Optical communications is one of the cornerstones of today’s revolution in information technology. Vast distances of optical fiber span the globe, connecting the world together in an intricate communications infrastructure. With the drive towards portable and multimedia communications, we are increasingly faced with the challenge of bringing the capacity of our communications infrastructure directly to the user, providing seamless access to vast quantities of information, anywhere and anytime. Whether it is the transfer of an image from a digital camera to a laptop computer or the communication of data within a massively parallel computer, there is an urgent need to develop new methods of high speed data communications. Light offers many advantages as a medium for communication. Whether travel- ling through free space or through optical fiber, light enjoys unequalled channel bandwidth, and is capable of data rates in the terabits per second. This immense capacity is due to the nature of the photons that constitute an optical signal. Unlike electrons, photons react weakly to their environment and to one another. As such, optical signals neither generate nor are sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI), parasitic coupling, and other problems faced by electrical signals [Mon- trose,1996]. Given their advantages, optical links are rapidly expanding into application areas beyond traditional fiber-optic links [Woodward,1999]. Three sample applications of so-called “carrier” applications that are concerned with transporting information across the greatest possible distance are free-space intersatellite links [Thompson, 1991], [Begley,1994], [Alexander,1997], fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) [Faulkner,1989], [Kwok,1995], and terrestrial free-space links for inter-building communications [Jolt], [AirFiber], [Terabeam], [CableFree], [Eardley,1996]. 1
Page 1 and 2: CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Us
Page 3 and 4: To achieve low-voltage operation, w
Page 5: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODU
Page 9 and 10: Information Source Modulator Drive
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Thesis Outline 5 [Ohhata,1999].
Page 13 and 14: 1.2 Thesis Outline 7 technique call
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Thesis Outline 9 Detector in St
Page 17 and 18: E e + - V bias 2.1 Photodetectors 1
Page 19 and 20: Diode Capacitance (pF) Diode capaci
Page 21 and 22: 2.2 Optical Preamplifier Structures
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier Design
Page 27 and 28: I dc 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier D
Page 31 and 32: Source Figure 2.11 General structur
Page 33 and 34: A = = For = 1V , the solution is v
Page 35 and 36: The gain of the forward amplifier c
Page 37 and 38: Feedback Analysis Using Return Rati
Page 39 and 40: 2.4 Circuit Analysis Techniques 33
Page 41 and 42: 2.5 An Overview of Signal-Flow Grap
Page 43 and 44: 1 x1 x2 2.5 An Overview of Signal-F
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 SUMMARY REFERENCES • ∆ k =
Page 47 and 48: Symp. Circuits Systems, vol. 3, pp.
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 3 New Transimpedance Amplif
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 A Differential Transimpedance A
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3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient
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3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient
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Transimpedance (dBΩ) 90 80 60 40
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3.3 A Low-Voltage Transimpedance Am
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C 3 Φ1VB M 3 V B- =0.7V M 7 Figure
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3.4 SUMMARY 3.4 Summary 71 In this
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3.4 Summary 73 Y. Nakagome et al.,
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4.1 Introduction 75 back topology o
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4.2 Circuit Analysis Using Driving-
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4.3 DPI/SFG: Combining DPI Analysis
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4.4 Determining Port Impedances 87
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v i R in v o R out 4.4 Determining
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id » ro and 1 ⁄ rid « Av ⁄ ro
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Z b r e g m 4.5 Analyzing Transisto
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4.5 Analyzing Transistor Circuits 9
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Figure 4.25 SFG for the source foll
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5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Tra
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5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Tra
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5.2 DEVELOPING AN ANALYTIC CIRCUIT
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Z in 5.2 Developing an Analytic Cir
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5.2 Developing an Analytic Circuit
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I n1 : i in I n2 -I n1 i scin ( sCi
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I nRf : 5.2 Developing an Analytic
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DC transimpedance gain: Pole locati
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Frequency (MHz) 500 450 400 350 300
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Pole frequencies(MHz) 500 450 400 3
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Optimizing Sensitivity 5.2 Developi
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Transimpedance Volts dB (lin) Gain
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CHAPTER 6 Implementation and Experi
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6.1 A 1V Optical Receiver Front-End
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6.1.2 Experimental Results 6.1 A 1V
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Gain(dB) 0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5
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Clock signal of voltage doubler Eye
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6.2 Variable-Gain Transimpedance Am
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6.2.2 Experimental Results 6.2 Vari
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6.3 Summary and State-of-the-Art Co
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Reference Outputs Technology Supply
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CHAPTER 7 Conclusions 7.1 SUMMARY A
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7.2 Future Work 165 The significanc
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7.2 Future Work 167 supply and subs
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v s i ti that part of the SFG for Q
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Thus, P1 ′ = b = 500Ω ∆1 ′
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itive representation of circuit dyn
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Bipolar Transistor i scb Z b v b b
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CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Using Graphical Circuit Analysis

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