CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Using Graphical Circuit Analysis

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1.1 Overview 2 Shorter distance applications include optical-based local area networks (LANs) as represented by Asynchronous Transfer Mode Passive Optical Networks (ATM- PON) [Van de Voorde,1997] and Gigabit Ethernet standards [Gigabit,1998]. Appli- cations that involve optical communications within digital systems or in large com- puters — generally referred to as optical interconnect [Li,2000], [Bristow,1999] — include smart pixel arrays [Chen,2000], [van Blerkom,1998], [Zheng,2000], opto- coupler arrays [Rooman,2000], and optical backplanes [Funada,1999]. Finally, so called “optical wireless links” provide a communications solution for portable applications [Heatley,1998]. In particular, short-range “point-and-shoot” systems in accordance to the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) provide a simple solution for transferring information to and from portable devices, offering high data rates at low cost and with a small form factor that is not prone to mechanical wear [Will- iams,2000]. The success of such short-range systems is particularly telling of how optical communication systems are likely to proliferate in the future: as of 1998, over 100 million laptops, digital cameras, and other devices were shipped equipped with IrDA-compatible serial ports [IrDA,1999], and currently over 40 million new devices are being produced yearly [Williams,2000]. The IrDA wireless link has overshadowed both the Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 FireWire to become the leading serial-port alternative for connectivity [IrDA,1999]. Figure 1.1 shows the basic elements of an optical link. On the transmit side, an information source produces a data stream that is encoded and sent to the appropri- ate drive circuitry used to modulate the optical signal generated by either a light emitting diode (LED) or laser. The signal propagates through free space or through a waveguide such as optical fiber until it reaches the photodetector on the receiver end. The photodetector converts the optical signal into an electric current that is sensed by the optical preamplifier and regenerated to a sufficiently strong voltage signal from which the original data can be recovered by the demodulator.
Information Source Modulator Drive Circuitry LED or Laser Optical channel Photodetector Preamplifier Figure 1.1 Block diagram of a typical optical link. Demodulator Transmitter Receiver 1.1 Overview 3 The expansion of optical communications into new applications has created exciting opportunities for the research and innovation of optical receivers. While the growth of fiber-optic networks in the last few decades has refined our understanding of optical receivers, its primary focus has been on speed and sensitivity. With the expansion of optical communications comes new requirements on receiver designs. Probably the most widespread trend has been that of increased system integration and the drive to reduce system components, cost, and size. Traditionally, optical receivers have not been subject to many system level constraints since optical receivers for long-haul fiber-optic networks are principally designed for perfor- mance rather than cost. As such, they have typically used advanced high-speed semiconductor technologies such as GaAs and Si bipolar processes. Recovered Information Increasingly, new optical receiver designs are being implemented in low-cost, high-integration technologies such as CMOS. However, the desire to implement in CMOS implies a need to design receivers that keep pace with developments in CMOS technology. One of the dominant trends is the continual reduction of system supply voltage as illustrated by the forecasted trend shown in Figure 1.2 from the Semiconductor Industry Association [SIA,1997]. Upper and lower boundary lines are drawn to highlight the fact that the ‘industry standard’ voltage is disappearing, being replaced instead by a range of voltages encompassing different applications. Increasingly, the supply voltage is seen as an adaptable design parameter used to
Page 1 and 2: CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Us
Page 3 and 4: To achieve low-voltage operation, w
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODU
Page 7: CHAPTER 1 1.1 OVERVIEW Introduction
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Thesis Outline 5 [Ohhata,1999].
Page 13 and 14: 1.2 Thesis Outline 7 technique call
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Thesis Outline 9 Detector in St
Page 17 and 18: E e + - V bias 2.1 Photodetectors 1
Page 19 and 20: Diode Capacitance (pF) Diode capaci
Page 21 and 22: 2.2 Optical Preamplifier Structures
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier Design
Page 27 and 28: I dc 2.3 Transimpedance Amplifier D
Page 31 and 32: Source Figure 2.11 General structur
Page 33 and 34: A = = For = 1V , the solution is v
Page 35 and 36: The gain of the forward amplifier c
Page 37 and 38: Feedback Analysis Using Return Rati
Page 39 and 40: 2.4 Circuit Analysis Techniques 33
Page 41 and 42: 2.5 An Overview of Signal-Flow Grap
Page 43 and 44: 1 x1 x2 2.5 An Overview of Signal-F
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 SUMMARY REFERENCES • ∆ k =
Page 47 and 48: Symp. Circuits Systems, vol. 3, pp.
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 3 New Transimpedance Amplif
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 A Differential Transimpedance A
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient
Page 59 and 60:
3.2 A Feedback Topology for Ambient
Page 61 and 62:
Transimpedance (dBΩ) 90 80 60 40
Page 63 and 64:
3.3 A Low-Voltage Transimpedance Am
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
C 3 Φ1VB M 3 V B- =0.7V M 7 Figure
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
3.4 SUMMARY 3.4 Summary 71 In this
Page 79 and 80:
3.4 Summary 73 Y. Nakagome et al.,
Page 81 and 82:
4.1 Introduction 75 back topology o
Page 83 and 84:
4.2 Circuit Analysis Using Driving-
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
4.3 DPI/SFG: Combining DPI Analysis
Page 93 and 94:
4.4 Determining Port Impedances 87
Page 95 and 96:
v i R in v o R out 4.4 Determining
Page 97 and 98:
id » ro and 1 ⁄ rid « Av ⁄ ro
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Z b r e g m 4.5 Analyzing Transisto
Page 105 and 106:
4.5 Analyzing Transistor Circuits 9
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 4.25 SFG for the source foll
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Tra
Page 117 and 118:
5.1 Analysis of the Low-Voltage Tra
Page 119 and 120:
5.2 DEVELOPING AN ANALYTIC CIRCUIT
Page 121 and 122:
Z in 5.2 Developing an Analytic Cir
Page 123 and 124:
5.2 Developing an Analytic Circuit
Page 125 and 126:
I n1 : i in I n2 -I n1 i scin ( sCi
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
I nRf : 5.2 Developing an Analytic
Page 131 and 132:
DC transimpedance gain: Pole locati
Page 133 and 134:
Frequency (MHz) 500 450 400 350 300
Page 135 and 136:
Pole frequencies(MHz) 500 450 400 3
Page 137 and 138:
Optimizing Sensitivity 5.2 Developi
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Transimpedance Volts dB (lin) Gain
Page 143 and 144:
CHAPTER 6 Implementation and Experi
Page 145 and 146:
6.1 A 1V Optical Receiver Front-End
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
6.1.2 Experimental Results 6.1 A 1V
Page 151 and 152:
Gain(dB) 0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Clock signal of voltage doubler Eye
Page 161 and 162:
6.2 Variable-Gain Transimpedance Am
Page 163 and 164:
6.2.2 Experimental Results 6.2 Vari
Page 165 and 166:
6.3 Summary and State-of-the-Art Co
Page 167 and 168:
Reference Outputs Technology Supply
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER 7 Conclusions 7.1 SUMMARY A
Page 171 and 172:
7.2 Future Work 165 The significanc
Page 173 and 174:
7.2 Future Work 167 supply and subs
Page 175 and 176:
v s i ti that part of the SFG for Q
Page 177 and 178:
Thus, P1 ′ = b = 500Ω ∆1 ′
Page 179 and 180:
itive representation of circuit dyn
Page 181 and 182:
Bipolar Transistor i scb Z b v b b
show all

CMOS Optical Preamplifier Design Using Graphical Circuit Analysis

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?