samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences

ethics. Polarized pluralist model is highly politicized. In this model both political parties and mass
media are ideological and radical, aiming to win majority and to get full access to power in order to
change system, rather than to make piecemeal improvements. This is legitimation by majority,
instrumentalizing media into tool of struggle for power.
Literature:
Media Systems and Politics by Daniel C. Hallin (Author), Paolo Mancini (Author), W. Lance
Bennett (Editor), Robert M. Entman (Editor) Cambridge University Press; (2004). Chapter 5:
The Mediterranean or Polarized Pluralist Model, pp117-132
Peter Gross, 2002 Entangled Evolution – Media and Democratization in Eastern Europe,
Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Centre Press; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
chapter 5: The media, civil society, political democracy and the market; chapter 6 conclusions:
The media, journalism and democratization, pp. 124-174
Hallin, D., S Papathanassopoulos 2002, Political clientelism and the media: southern Europe and
Latin America in comparative perspective Media, Culture and Society,v.24, N 2, pp.175-195
LECTURE 12. MASS MEDIA IN GEORGIA
In this chapter Georgian media system is described in details. Several aspects are highlited, such
as newspapers circulation, political biases, internet development, broadcasting development,
economic enviroment, etc. Georgian media has achieved relatively high level of freedom, but did
not develop high ethical standarts of writing. In its essence it remains Soviet-styled propagandistic
tool, with the only difference that monopoly on this propaganda do not exist any more. Chage of
generation of jopurnalists did not made difference in these respect, except rethorics and language
of publications.
Literature:
M.Muskhelishvili, The Mass Media, in: “Building Democracy in Georgia”, Discussion paper N
7, International IDEA, 2003
LECTURE 13. GLOBALIZATION, GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
a. Modernization through internationalization. Democratization of the third wave democracies here
is represented in light of common strategy of modernization, applied by these countries –
modernization through internationalization of economic relations, opening borders and including
countries into globalization process. Globalization, thus, is a major contextual factor of
transformation for these countries, including civil society development.
b. Development of global civil society is both empirical reality of late twenties century, and
normative ideal of globalizing social movements, aiming at bringing world societies together. It is
even more difficult to define, than local civil societies, and is different in terms that it depends
primarily on communication through media, mostly excluding face-to face communication. INGOs
and global media play extremely significant role in this development, and this makes many to
complain on conflicts between local and global civil societies, saying that global civil society talks
with the western accent.
c. Global capitalism has to be inevitably discussed in a content of global civil society. Here we rely
on Hernando de Soto, who talks of global industrial revolution, which happens in a third world
countries through the development of shadow economies and extralegal transactions. According to
De Soto poor countries have possessions, which they cannot transform into capital, because
property law in these countries is not based on a social contract, but rather on copying western
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