samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
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leqcia 6<br />
demokratia: sami politikuri tradicia<br />
jer kidev 1997 wels cnobili analitikosi farid zaqaria werda, rom msoflios sul<br />
ufro da ufro met qveyanaSi `demokratiulad arCeuli reJimebi . . . ugulebelyofen<br />
maTi Zalauflebis konstituciur farglebs da sakuTar moqalqeebs ZiriTad<br />
uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs arTmeven”. demokratizaciis mesame talRam msoflioSi<br />
axali fenomeni, axali tipis reJimi warmoqmna, romelsac araliberaluri demokratiis<br />
saxeli ewoda. am reJimma iseTi maxasiaTeblebi SeiZina, romlebic Zvel liberalur<br />
demokratiebSi ar iyo warmodgenili. Zveli dasavluri demokratiebisgan gansxvavebiT,<br />
am reJimebSi masobrivi demokratia da sayovelTao xmis ufleba ufro adre da<br />
safuZvlianad damkvidrda, vidre konstituciuri liberalizmi: `demokratia yvavis,<br />
konstituciuri liberalizmi ki — ara”. sayovelTaod arCeuli, popularuli<br />
mmarTvelebi ar eridebian imas, rom parlamentebsa da konstituciis CarCoebs gverdi<br />
auaron, qveyana saprezidento brZanebulebebiT marTon, saxelmwifo aparati<br />
opoziciisa da Tavisufali presis winaaRmdeg gamoiyenon da adamianis konstituciuri<br />
uflebebi Selaxon. es movlenebi mraval da mraval qveyanaSia dafiqsirebuli, rogorc<br />
laTinur amerikaSi, aseve yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi. regularuli da sayovelTao<br />
arCevnebis Catareba am qveynebSi ver uzrunvelyofs kanonis uzenaesobas, korufciis<br />
SezRudvasa da karg mmarTvelobas Zalauflebis konstituciur CarCoebSi. aseTi<br />
qveynebis ricxvs saqarTveloc miekuTvneba.<br />
demokratia, konstitucionalizmi da liberalizmi araliberalur demokratiebSi<br />
erTmaneTTan gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobaSi modis. saqme isaa, rom konstitucionalizmi<br />
da liberalizmi, orive arsebiTad xelisuflebis SezRudvis, SezRuduli<br />
mmarTvelobis Teoriasa da praqtikas ganasaxiereben, xolo demokratia xalxis<br />
umravlesobis mier arCeul liderTa xelSi Zalauflebis maqsimalur akumulirebasa da<br />
gamoyenebas eswrafvis. maSin, roca Zvel demokratiebSi demokratiis,<br />
konstitucionalizmisa da liberalizmis principebi garveul dabalansebul sistemas<br />
qmnis, axal demokratiebSi demokratiis principebi aSkarad Warbobs da Zirs uTxris<br />
liberaluri demokratiis arsebobisTvis aucilebel danarCen komponentebs:<br />
`demokratiulad arCeul mTavrobebs axasiaTebT imis dajerebis tendencia, rom maT<br />
absoluturi Zalaufleba ekuTvniT, aman ki SeiZleba Zalauflebis centralizacia<br />
gamoiwvios”. igive movlenas aRwers o’doneli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom Zlier<br />
liderebs, romlebsac sjeraT, rom xalxis saxeliT laparakoben, gulwrfelad ar<br />
esmiT, Tu ratom unda dauqvemdebaron Tavisi Zalaufleba konstituciur SezRudvebs,<br />
Tuki is, rasac isini akeTeben (rogorc wesi ki es korufciasTan brZolas exeba xolme),<br />
xalxisTvis sikeTis momtania.<br />
axali demokratiebis gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom araliberalur demokratiebSi<br />
konstitucionalizmis damkvidreba bevrad ufro Znelia, vidre met-naklebad<br />
samarTliani arCevnebis Catareba. tokviliseulma gafrTxilebam, rom xalxis<br />
umravlesobis nebam SeiZleba pirovnebis Tavisufleba SezRudos, axal demokratiebSi<br />
TvalnaTlivi institucionaluri gansaxiereba hpova.<br />
sasargebloa, farid zaqarias dixotomiis garda (demokratia- liberaluri<br />
konstitucionalizmi) ganvixiloT o’donelis SedarebiT ufro Rrma trixotomia:<br />
demokratia, liberalizmi, respublikanizmi. (Semdgomi msjeloba G. O'Donnell. Illusions<br />
about Concolidation. Journal of Democracy, v. 7, N.2, 1996 da G. O'Donnell. Horisontal<br />
Accontability in New Democracies. Journal of Democracy, v.9, N.3, 1998-is mixedviT)<br />
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