samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
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leqcia 4<br />
tokvili, `demokratia amerikaSi`<br />
patnemis kvleva, arsebiTad <strong>samoqalaqo</strong> sazogadoebis arss sociologiuri<br />
Tvalsawieridan udgeba. is ikvlevs imas, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba socialuri<br />
komunikaciis garkveulis tipi, struqtura, demokratiuli institutiebis<br />
fuqcionirebas. tokvilis naSromi `demokratia amerikaSi” aseve didwilad am kuTxiT<br />
udgeba problemas — isic, patnemis msgavsad, TiTqmis tolobis niSans svams<br />
sazogadoebis struqturasa da demokratias (politikur reJims) Soris. SemdgomSi Cven<br />
gavecnobiT kidev erT liberal avtors - gelners, romelic msgavsi midgomiT<br />
xasiaTdeba (demokratias aigiveebs sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis struqturasTan,<br />
xolo am ukanasknelis demokratiul bunebas miiCnevs mxolod dasavlur, evropul<br />
maxasiaTeblad).<br />
tokvilis kvleva, romelic ukve meore saukunea Tavis aqtualobasa da mniSvnelobas<br />
ar kargavs, aRwers mxolod erT qveyanas — amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, magram<br />
impliciturad SedarebiT analizs eyrdnoba, vinaidan amerikis <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s is aRwers<br />
evropeli mkiTxvelisTvis. amdenad amerikis `demokratiul~ <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s is<br />
warmoaCens safrangeTis da evropis `aristokratiul~ sazogadoebebTan SedarebaSi.<br />
tokvili aRwers pirvel rigSi sxvaobas demokratiul da aristokratiul<br />
sazogadoebebsa da maT sxvadasxva institutebsa da Rirebulebebs Soris. tokvilis<br />
kvleva sociologiuria da fenomenologiuri, is moicavs rogorc deskriptul aRweras<br />
im urTierTobebisa, romlebic avtorma TiTqmis ori saukunis winandel amerikaSi<br />
dainaxa, aseve im fsiqologiur ganwyobebisa da legitimaciis principebis analizs,<br />
romlebic agebs, aviTarebs am institucionalur mowyobas amerikaSi. tokvilis kvlevis<br />
Seswavlisas Cven gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas institucionaluri midgomis<br />
Tvalsawieridan demokratiuli da aristokratiuli sazogadoebebis institutebis<br />
Sedarebaze, xolo legitimaciis TvalsazrisiT — Tanasworobisa da Tavisuflebis<br />
principebis dapirispirebaze.<br />
Tumca ki, Tavad tokvilisTvis mTavari interesi iyo politikuri institutebi,<br />
rac, im periodSi safrangeTSi mimdinare movlenebis fonze, frangisTvis ZiriTad<br />
interess warmoadgenda. Seiqmneboda Tu ara safrangeTSi `Tavisufali demokratia~ Tu<br />
`demokratiuli tirania~ - es iyo is kiTxva, romelic idga mis winaSe im dros (1848).<br />
amerikis magaliTis ganxilvisas is xazs usvams imas, rac xSirad aklia dResac axali<br />
demokratiebis politikosebs: ~ ar gadmovitanoT monurad is institutebi, romlebic<br />
amerikelebma Seqmnes TavisTvis, aramed ukeT gavigoT masSi is, rac Cven gvadgeba; ara<br />
imdenad davesesxoT magaliTebs, aramed ubralod Wkua viswavloT, xolo Tuki rames<br />
visesxebT, es iyos Tavad principebi, da ara kanonebis kerZo detalebi~. (gv.24). swored<br />
amitomaa, rom tokvili swavlobs institutebs maT diskursul mniSvnelobebTan, anu<br />
legitimaciis sawyisebTan erTad.<br />
is, rasac tokvili xedavs amerikaSi, da rac misTvis aRmoCenaa, aris demokratiuli<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong> — <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>, romelic mkveTrad gansxvavdeba evropuli<br />
aristokratiuli sazogadoebebisgan, da demokratia, romelsac qmnis es <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>.<br />
tokvili cdilobs iyos obieqturi da miukerZoeblad aRweros is, rasac xedavs. mas Tan<br />
moswons da aRafrTovanebs es axali, gansxvavebuli amerikuli <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>, Tan<br />
aSinebs da afrTxobs bevri misi Tviseba. kerZod, da mTavari, rac unda aRvniSnoT, aris<br />
misi SiSi `demokratiuli tiraniisa~, romelic demokratiul sazogadoebebSi SeiZleba<br />
damyardes. am saSiSroebis saanalizod tokvili iyenebs Tavisuflebisa da<br />
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