samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
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leqcia 12<br />
saqarTvelos masmedia<br />
1. masmediis zogadi xasiaTi<br />
sityvis Tavisufleba erT-erTi is demokratiuli Rirebulebaa, romlis deficiti<br />
gansakuTrebiT mwvave iyo sabWoTa kavSirSi, da romelic yvelaze iolad da sakmaod<br />
srulad damkvidrda saqarTveloSi. gorbaCovis `glasnostis~ politikis kvalobaze,<br />
romelic nabij-nabij uSvebda sityvis Tavisuflebis elementebs, TandaTan<br />
Tavisufldeboda qarTuli mediac. Semdeg, mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga<br />
damoukideblobis wlebSic. es ar yofila uproblemo procesi, piriqiT, TiToeuli<br />
momdevno xelisufleba cdilobda ar daeSva misi azriT mavne politikuri ideebisa da<br />
mowodebebis gavrceleba mediis saSualebiT. bevri politikuri movlena saqarTveloSi<br />
swored amgvari akrZalvebisa da SezRudvebis gadalaxvis moTxovnebs ukavSirdeba. es<br />
gansakuTrebiT exeba televizias, romlis politikuri kontrolis problema<br />
ramdenjerme iqca sakvanZo Temad politikuri daZabulobis kulminaciur momentebSi.<br />
vardebis revoluciis win me vwerdi: `miuxedavad didi dabrkolebebis arsebobisa,<br />
sityvis Tavisuflebis ganmtkicebis procesi Seuqcevadi aRmoCnda. amJamad, Tumc ki<br />
kvlavac aSkaraa daZabuloba sityvis Tavisuflebis Temis garSemo da arsebobs<br />
Jurnalistebis daSinebis araerTi mcdeloba, praqtikulad ar arsebobs politikuri<br />
xasiaTis in<strong>for</strong>macia, Sexeduleba Tu midgoma, romelTa gavrceleba mediis mier<br />
SezRuduli iyos centraluri xelisuflebis mxridan.~ (ix. The Mass Media, in: `Building<br />
Democracy in Georgia”, Discussion paper N 7, International IDEA, 2003) dResdReobiT es<br />
mtkicebuleba naklebad damajerblad gamoiyureba, vinaidan televiziebis damoukidebloba<br />
sakmaod sakamaTo sakiTxia, xolo Jurnalistebi gamudmebiT TviTcenzuras<br />
afareben Tavs, samsaxuris dakargvis SiSiT. magram es Tema ar warmoadgens mocemuli<br />
leqciis sagans. kargad unda ganvasxvaoT sityvis negatiuri da pozitiuri Tavisufleba.<br />
xelisuflebas SeuZlia SezRudos mxolod sityvis negatiuri ufleba —<br />
gamoiyenos saxelmwifo aparati cenzurisa Tu sxva SezRudvebis mizniT. amgvari<br />
SezRudvebis ararseboba sulac SeiZleba ar niSnavs, rom yvelas hqondes Tanabari<br />
pozitiuri ufleba salaparakod — gavixsenoT tokvilis dakvirveba amerikaSi sazogadoebrivi<br />
azris mier sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Taobaze. pozitiurad komunikacia,<br />
romelic xorcieldeba praqtikulad Tavisufali mediis mier SeiZelba ar iyos<br />
srulfasovani, an ubralod SeiZleba iyos Taviseburi, Cven aq gvainteresebs saqar-<br />
Tvelos mediis swored es mxare — misi diskursuli tipi, diskursuli xasiaTi da eTika.<br />
yvelafers, rac sabWoTa dros mediaSi politikis Sesaxeb iwereboda da sajarod<br />
iTqmoda, codnis gavrcelebis statusi hqonda. am codnis wyaro iyo marqsizmleninizmis<br />
TeoriiT aRWurvili komunisturi partia. Sexedulebebs, romlebic am<br />
codnas kiTxvis qveS daayenebda, sajaro sivrceSi adgili ar hqonda. Jurnalisti<br />
`kargad” werda imdenad, ramdenadac sworad asaxavda mmarTveli partiis kurss.<br />
demokratiuli gardaqmnebis kvalobaze gaqra monopolia politikur `codnaze”, gaCnda<br />
mravalferovani politikuri Sexedulebebi, Sefasebebi da midgomebi, da Jurnalistebs<br />
gauCndaT problema — rogor unda weron politikuri movlenebis Sesaxeb axal<br />
viTarebaSi, rodesac aRar arsebobs Zveli aTvlis sistema —“swori” codnis erTaderTi<br />
wyaros saxiT.<br />
am gamowvevaze pasuxebis Zieba Jurnalisturi korpusis TiTqmis sruli ganaxlebis<br />
94
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