samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - Center for Social Sciences
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TamaSobs saxelmwifo.<br />
aq unda gavixsenoT, rom es <strong>for</strong>mulirebebi ar aris mTlad zusti, vinaidan xan Cven<br />
vlaparakobT realurad arsebul media sistemebze, xolo xandaxan gadavdivarT<br />
laparakze idealuri tipebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac es realurad arsebuli sistemebi metnaklebad<br />
waagaven. imedia, rom es gansxvaveba realur sistemebsa da idealur tipebs<br />
Soris ar iqneba miviwyebuli, miuxedavad <strong>for</strong>mulirebebis erTgvari uzustobisa.<br />
realuri media sistemebi arasdros ar emTxveva zustad romelime idealur tips,<br />
aramed rogorc wesi moicaven yvela tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs metnaklebobiT.<br />
aq laparakia mxolod imaze, Tu romeli niSnebi sWarbobs ama Tu im qveynis<br />
sistemebSi, da ara idealuri tipisa da realuri sistemis srul identurobaze.<br />
mediis es idealuri tipebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba im parametrebiT, romelbic<br />
avtorebma media - sistemebis mTavar maxasiaTeblebad Camoayalibes. sanam maT calcalke<br />
ganvixilavdeT, isic unda avRniSnoT, rom media - sistemebi, iseve rogorc maTi<br />
maxasiaTeblebi, warmoadgenen sakmaod mdgrad da nela cvalebad institutebis<br />
nakrebebs — maTi <strong>for</strong>mirebis sawyisebi sakmaod Soreul warsulSi midis, xolo<br />
trans<strong>for</strong>macia did dros moiTxovs. iseve, rogorc sxva socialur bazisur<br />
maxasiaTeblebs, maT mdgradoba axasiaTebs, romelic ar eqvemdebareba swraf, da<br />
Tundac saSualo siswrafis cvlilebebs. ase, is, rom masobrivi presa istoriulad adre<br />
gavrcelda zogierT qveynebSi (XIXs.-XX saukunis daswyisSi), sxvebSi ki — ara, dResac<br />
vlindeba presis tiraJebSi. skandinaviis qveynebSi dResac maRalia gazeTebis kiTxvis<br />
Cveva da kultura, xolo saberZneTSi, maTTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT ufro dabali.<br />
beWdviTi mediis dasabamidan politikuri agitacia mis centralur funqciad<br />
ganixileboda. gavrcelebuli iyo pirvel rigSi publicistika, romelsac gavlena unda<br />
moexdina sazogadoebrivi azris <strong>for</strong>mirebaze. mxolod mecxramete saukunis bolos<br />
daiwyo gavrceleba komerciulma presam, da, imave dros, sul ufro popularuli xdeba<br />
Jurnalistis, rogorc neitraluri arbitris, cneba — Jurnalistis, romelic ganze<br />
dgas nebismieri politikuri interesebisgan da partiebisgan. amdenad, Jurnalistikis<br />
Tanamedrove normatiuli liberaluri modeli — obieqturi, miukerZoebeli<br />
Jurnalistika — SedarebiT gviandeli warmonaqmnia. dResdReobiT balansi neitralur<br />
in<strong>for</strong>maciul da propagandistul Jurnalistikas Soris sxvadasxva sistemebSi<br />
sxvadasxvanairi arsebobs. ase, daniaSi, wina saukunis dasawyisSi yvela qalaqSi<br />
arsebobda oTx-oTxi gazeTi, romelic warmoadgens oTx ZiriTad politikur partias.<br />
dResdReobiT partiebTan presis uSualo mibma gacilebiT ufro iSviaTia, ufro xdeba<br />
zogadi politikuri poziciebis dakaveba — magaliTad, marjvena-centristulis, an<br />
marcxena-centristulis.<br />
gansxvavebiT am ori viTarebisgan — obieqturi, neitraluri presa da zogad<br />
politikur orientirebze (idealebze, ideologiebze) orientirebuli presa, arsebobs<br />
kidev mesame varianti. iq, sadac politikuri paralelizmi politikasa da medias Soris<br />
maRalia, media sistema SeiZleba xasiaTdebodes `gare pluralizmiT” — anu arsebobdes<br />
bevri sxvadasxva orientaciis mqone media. amisgan gansxvavebiT, pirvel, neitralur<br />
variantSi ufro mosalodnelia `Sida pluralizmis” arseboba — erTi pulbikaciis<br />
farglebSi sxvadasxva politikuri midgomebis warmoCineba.<br />
rac Seexeba telemauwyeblobas, da, gansakuTrebiT, sazogadoebriv mauwyeblobas,<br />
masSi SeiZleba davafiqsiroT Semdegi modelebi: profesiuli modeli (BBC) —<br />
xasiaTdeba yvelaze dabali politikuri paralelizmiT; samTavrobo modeli (axlosaa<br />
saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis modelTan) — yvelaze maRali paralelizmi; maT Soris<br />
SualedSi imyofeba pluralistuli modelebi, sadac mauwyebloba ar aris<br />
politikurad neitraluri, magram arc monopolizeburia. masSi uzrunveyofilia an<br />
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