sodininkystÄ ir darÅ¾ininkystÄ 25(4)

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20. Raudonis L. Harmful insect fauna in apple orchards and systems of control means to reduce its harm // Sodininkystë ir darþininkystë. Babtai, 2001. 20(1). P. 55–68. 21. Raudonis L. Integrated pest management in fruit orchards in Lithuania // Sodininkystë ir darþininkystë. Babtat, 2003. 22(3). P. 145–154. 22. Raudonis L., Valiuðkaitë A. Research on pest and disease control in horticultural plants and its development in Lithuania // Sodininkystë ir darþininkystë. Babtai, 2003. 22(3). P. 3–15. 23. Sutton D. K., MacHardy W. E., Lord W. G. Effects of shredding or treating apple leaf litter with urea on ascospores does of Venturia inaequalis and disease buildup // Plant disease. 2000. 84 (12). P. 1319–1326. 24. Ðopauskienë D. Air pollution and deposition // Ozolinèius R (ed.). Monitoring of forest ecosystems in Lithuania. Kaunas: Lututë, 1999. P. 181–182. 25. Titus J. S., Kang S. Nitrogen metabolism, translocation and recycling in apple trees // Horticultural Reviews. 1982. 4. P. 204–246. 26. Turunen M., Huttunen S. A review of the response of epicuticular wax of conifer needles to air pollution // Environmental Quality. 1990. 19. P. 35–45. 27. Uselis N., Kviklys D. Lietuvos sodininkystë ðiandien ir jos perspektyvos // Ðiuolaikinës sodininkystës pasiekimai ir plëtros kryptys. Babtai, 1999. P. 7–10. 28. Welburn A. R. Air pollution and Acid Rain: the Biological Impact // Longman Scientific and Technical, London. 1988. 29. Mèð÷èíê Ò. Ã. Ïî÷âåííàÿ ìèêîëîãèÿ. Ìîñêâà, 1988. 279 c. SODININKYSTË IR DARÞININKYSTË. SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. 2006. 25(4). EVALUATION OF APPLE DISEASES AND PEST SPREAD IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF INDUSTRIAL EMISSION L. Duchovskienë, J. Sakalauskaitë, D. Kviklys, J. B. Ðikðnianienë, E. Kupèinskienë Summary Leaves of apple tree cv. ‘Antonowka’ (Malus domestica L.) growing near the different industrial centers – oil refinery “Maþeikiø nafta”, cement factory “Akmenës cementas” and nitrogen fertilizer factory “Achema” – were examined for diseases and pests damage. Near AB “Akmenës cementas” and AB “Achema” SO 2 ir NO 2 concentrations were small and similar to these in unpolluted places of Lithuania, only near AB “Maþeikiø nafta” SO 2 concentration was higher. The greatest number of damaged leaves by leaf spot (Phylosticta mali Prill et Del.) was found in Jonava and Naujoji Akmenë districts in 2005–2006. Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Aderh.) was found in Maþeikiai and N. Akmenë districts only. Leaf chlorosis was more abundant in Maþeikiai and Kaunas surroundings in 2005, but in the next year the most damaged leaves of this disease was found in Maþeikiai and Naujoji Akmene districts. The abundance and intensity of diseases was less in 2006, as compared with 2005. From leaves damaged by leaf spot 4 species of attendant fungus were distinguished. The damage of leaf chewing pests was found near the all sources of 122
industrial emissions centers, while the most leaf rulers damaged leaves were near “Maþeikiø nafta” in 2005–2006. Phytophagic and entomophagic mites and thrips were found in 2006, but their populations were not abundant. To summarize the data of two years, we can assume, that apple-tree leaves under elevated industrial emission are more damaged by pest and diseases as compared to Kaunas surroundings (control site). Key words: apple scab, chlorosis, leaf spot, leaf chewing pests, leaf rulers. 123
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LIETUVOS SODININKYSTËS IR DARÞINI
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Veislë Cultivars 1 lentelë. Tirt
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Vaismedþiø atsparumas rauplëms,
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odo, kad ðios veislës labai atspa
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17. Uselis N. Obelø su þemaûgiu
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Tyrimø objektas. Obelø veislës
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Veislës Cultivars 1 lentelë. Vais
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Odelës tvirtumu iðsiskyrë ‘Ver
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8. Tarakanovas P., Raudonius S. Agr
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tozës (Phyllosticta mali Pr. at De
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Selekciniai numeriai Selections 1 l
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3 lentelë. Obelø selekciniø nume
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Atlikus PGR su Vf genui specifiniai
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Baltijos ðaliø klimato sàlygos l
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18. Ïîíîìàðåíêî Â. Â.,
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ir kt., 2004). Introdukuotø obelø
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2002-2005 m. vidutinis selekcinio n
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Selekciniai numeriai vaisiø patrau
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iðaugino Nr. 19942 ir Nr. 20239.
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3. Fischer M., Schüler W., Fischer
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os svyravimai virðijo 30°C ir, es
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92.340.3 ir veislës ‘Dangë’ d
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5 lentelë. Skirtingø veisliø vid
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mo potencinës galimybës ir patenk
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SODININKYSTË IR DARÞININKYSTË. S
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semi-dwarf rootstocks, such as M.26
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and P 59 rootstocks. This confirmed
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M.9 rootstock favored larger fruits
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25. Wagenmakers P. S. Light relatio
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ligø sukëlëjø, kuriø dauguma p
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læ, 2006 m. buvo aptiktas ASGV vir
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4 lentelë. Sodinamosios medþiagos
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atitikimui ir augimui sode (Maxim i
Page 71 and 72: 19. Yanase H. Back transmission app
Page 73 and 74: Daugiau kaip pusæ amþiaus sodo, k
Page 75 and 76: Skirtingø agrotechniniø sistemø
Page 77 and 78: tyta, kad ekologiðki ‘Golden Del
Page 79 and 80: LIETUVOS SODININKYSTËS IR DARÞINI
Page 81 and 82: su P 22 poskiepiu lapuose (3,5). 20
Page 83 and 84: Vidutinis ‘Belaruskoje malinovoje
Page 85 and 86: metais ‘Belaruskoje malinovoje’
Page 87 and 88: and lower chlorophyll a/b ratio. Ro
Page 89 and 90: The main objectives of planting tre
Page 91 and 92: Table 2. Fruit flesh firmness, star
Page 93 and 94: Acknowledgements. This work was par
Page 95 and 96: SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE LITHUANIAN
Page 97 and 98: For the Z experiment, root pieces (
Page 99 and 100: hardiness index. Other rootstocks t
Page 101 and 102: Only genotype 1 was able to survive
Page 103 and 104: SODININKYSTË IR DARÞININKYSTË. M
Page 105 and 106: inës Azijos rûðims - M. oriental
Page 107 and 108: 1 lentelë. Generatyvinæ brandà p
Page 109 and 110: 17 19 13* 4** 6* 1 7 9 16, 20 10 5
Page 111 and 112: 4 lentelë. Ðveicarijoje Neolito e
Page 113 and 114: SODININKYSTË IR DARÞININKYSTË. S
Page 115 and 116: numetimà (Welburn, 1988). E. Kupè
Page 117 and 118: 2 lentelë. Obelø ligø paplitimas
Page 119 and 120: 6 lentelë. Erkiø ir tripsø papli
Page 121: Literatûra 1. Ashenden T. W., Bell
Page 125 and 126: Lietuvoje, krituliø kiekis virðij
Page 127 and 128: Tyrimø metai Year of investigation
Page 129 and 130: 1 pav. Vidutinë vienos uogos masë
Page 131 and 132: nant - 5,2 g. Drëkinamø braðkiø
Page 133 and 134: geguþës paskutiná ir birþelio p
Page 135 and 136: 13. Smith B. R., Mahr D. L., McManu
Page 137 and 138: LIETUVOS SODININKYSTËS IR DARÞINI
Page 139 and 140: 1 pav. Geleþies kiekis ‘Bogota
Page 141 and 142: 2 lentelë. Geleþies tràðø áta
Page 143 and 144: Beyers ir Terblanche (1971) nuomone
Page 145 and 146: 18. Öåðëèíã Â. Â. Àãðî
Page 147 and 148: fiziologiniø ir metaboliniø atsak
Page 149 and 150: Fotosintezës pigmentø kaupimàsi
Page 151 and 152: Literatûra 1. Allen D. J., Nogues
Page 153 and 154: SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE LITHUANIAN
Page 155 and 156: Plot size at least 12m 2 , the tria
Page 157 and 158: to strawberry mite 3, 7 and 21 days
Page 159 and 160: 2. Badii M. H., Hernández-Ortiz E.
Page 161 and 162: toksiðka (40,9-41,6 proc.), praëj
Page 163 and 164: population result in greater resist
Page 165 and 166: the number of fruit tree red spider
Page 167 and 168: it showed lower toxicity (mortality
Page 169 and 170: 21. Raudonis L. Harmful insect faun
Page 171 and 172: Key words: cherries, clonal rootsto
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Table 1. Rootstock effect on the pe
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Magyar, 2004), Turkey (Ercisli et a
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11. Kosina J. Evaluation of some ne
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SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE LITHUANIAN
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Soil management consisted of freque
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Tree vigour. Tree vigour as measure
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ces were found. The ‘Reine Claude
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Statistical calculations were perfo
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Discussion. Plants in equatorial an
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metais ðiø veisliø morkø sumini
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1 2 3 4 Intensyvus auginimas Lietuv
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11. Salo T., Suojala T., Kallela M.
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Vidutinë 2001 ir 2002 m. temperat
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2 lentelë. Sëjos laiko átaka mor
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Vëlinant sëjà, standartinis derl
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Literatûra 1. Aðmontas V., Masiul
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Pagrindinio (fono) træðimo prieð
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0,234 Lt kg -1 , arba 65 Lt t -1 ).
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skersmens kitimai átakos neturëjo
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azoto tràðø formomis). Morkø ð
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23. Àëåêñååâà Ò. Ï., Ï
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dozëmis ðvitintø morkø lapø sk
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Aptarimas. Ultravioletinës spindul
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alternatyvûs augalai ðeimininkai
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1 pav. CMV paþeisti pomidorø lapa
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4 pav. ToRSV paþeistas pomidoro va
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ðaltiniø gausu gamtoje. CMV rezer
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ted. Samples of tomatoes exhibiting
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nës medþiagos - provitamino D sin
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Taèiau detalesnis augalø ávertin
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Ádomus buvo 5 kJ m -2 p -1 UV-B sp
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Aptarimas. Negalima garantuoti dël
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21. Jordan B. R. The effects of ult
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2 lentelë. Meteorologinës sàlygo
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vaisiuose - nuo 8,2 iki 10,1proc. (
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endrojo cukraus ir azoto santykis
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2. Duchovskis P. Model of Flowering
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Anksti pavasará, pradþiûvus dirv
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Daugiausia fosforo uþarta su mieþ
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5 lentelë. Þaliosios tràðos át
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ýêîíîìèêè: Ìàòåðèà
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icido boxer veiksmingumas tirtas Eu
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2006 m. herbicidu boxer nupurðkus
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2006 m. visos herbicido boxer normo
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8. Streibig J. C. Measurement of ph
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jos bei geriausià floraliná vysty
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Po þydëjimo indukcijos giberelo r
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èiau ðie apribojimai gali iðnykt
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fotosintezës sistemos dalis, jø p
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2 lentelë. Fotosintetiniø pigment
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abiejø hibridø suminis derlius: j
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6. De Resende G. M, Flori J. E. Eff
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Gaucho 350 FS preparation that a sl
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B. Fodder cultivars / Paðariniø
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Table. 4. Number of pods per plant,
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Conclusions. 1. The analysis of the
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Materials and methods. Plants. Comm
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Effect like induction of adventitio
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Fig. 4. Photochemical fluorescence
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Correlation coefficient (r) between
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29. Weigel U., Horn W., Hock B. End
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tinei þaliavai tinka rausvaþiedë
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Antrøjø augimo metø ðvieþias r
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13. Êóïåíêî Í., Îñòàï
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affect proper utilisation of this n
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Results. The results of the experim
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tective action of the latter, which
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seed dressing chemicals it is neces
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Pastarojoje aptinkamos, be jau min
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4 pav. SOD aktyvumo ir baltymø kie
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Padëka. Ðis darbas buvo remiamas
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uvo pradëti plaèiai tirti þemaû
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Kilus avieèiø poreikiui, buvo suk
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Aptariami, bet ne kartojami „Rezu
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konferencijø, simpoziumø, kuriø
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The paper should be ended by a sign
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TURINYS A.Sasnauskas, D. Gelvonausk
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R. Vyðniauskienë, Z. Janèys, R.
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L. Raudonis. Toxicity of abamectin
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359
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sodininkystÄ ir darÅ¾ininkystÄ 25(4)