sodininkystė ir daržininkystė 25(4)

(1993), Adamczewski (1988), Rychcik (2005) also indicate that leguminous plants,
including pea, are characterized by high susceptibility to severe weed infestation,
which is connected with their slow growth and development in the initial period
following sowing and emergence. Traditional methods of weed control, consisting
mainly in harrowing, are not always effective, therefore herbicides, which protect
plants against excessive weed infestation more effectively, are in common use.
The aim of this study was to determine to what degree applied seed dressings
protect plants against injury by diseases and pests, and applied herbicides against
weeds. In addition, the effect of chemical agents on the development of plants and
formation of pods in the fruit-bearing node and plant was estimated.
Methods. The investigation was carried out within the framework of 3-year
field experiment established in the fields of the experimental centre at Ba³cyny near
Ostróda in the years 2004–2006.
The following seed dressings were used, including fungicides:
– Funaben T,
– Sarfun T 450 FS
and insecticides:
– Super Homai 70 DS (+ with action against pathogens),
– Gaucho 350 FS.
The first three dressings were used in a dose of 4 g per 1 kg of seeds, while
Gaucho 350 FS dressing – in the amount of 4 ml per 1 kg of seeds. They were put
onto pea seeds of 14% moisture just before sowing.
Basagran 600 SL (in a dose of 2 kg/ha) and Afalon 50 WP (1.5 l/ha) were used
against weeds after emergence. The weed infestation of plants was estimated with
the botanical-frame method, determining the number and botanical composition of
weeds per 1 m 2 in each plot.
The phytopathological evaluation of plants for damages by pests was carried
out in the phase of a filled pod according to the methodology of cultivar economic
value (CEV) study utilized by the Main Research Centre for Cultivars of Cultivated
Plants (MRCCCP) in S³upia Wielka in 9-degree scale (9 – the best, most favourable
state, and 1 – the worst, least favourable state).
The phytopathological evaluation of the degree of plant injury with diseases
was carried out in the phase of filled pod using a 5-degree Hillstrand and Auld scale,
where: 1° means below 2% of the injured area, 2° – 3–10% of the injured area, 3° –
11–30% of the injured area, 4° – 31–50% of the injured area, 5° – over 50% of the
injured area.
Four sowing pea cultivars were involved in the experiment: ‘Brylant’, ‘Wenus’,
‘Marych’ and ‘Eureka’.
The field trial was performed in a split-plot design, in four replications. The
experimental plot area was 14.4 m 2 .
Results. It has been found out that the dynamics of germination and emergence
of the seeds of treated pea was similar to the dynamics of plants grown in control
plots. Emergences were good and steady and no harmful effects of the application
of dressings on the course of germination and intensity and punctuality of emergence
were recorded in any of the cultivars. It was only in the objects treated with
296