sodininkystė ir daržininkystė 25(4)

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âåêà. // Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû ñåëåêöèè ïëîäîâûõ êóëü-òóð. Ìàòåðèàëû
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19. Òðåòüÿêîâ Í. Í. Ôèçèîëîãèÿ è áèîõèìèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàñòåíèé.
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SODININKYSTË IR DARÞININKYSTË. SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. 2006. 25(4).
INVESTIGATION OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANT TRAITS
OF APPLE SELECTIONS
D. Gelvonauskienë, A. Sasnauskas, B. Gelvonauskis, J. B. Ðikðnianienë,
G. Ðabajevienë, P. Duchovskis
Summary
Biological traits of 16 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) selections were investigated
at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2000–2006. Phenology, resistance
of flowers to spring frosts, winterhardiness, apple tree vigour, resistance to scab
(Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint.), European canker (Nectria galligena Bres.), apple
blotch (Phyllosticta mali Pr. at Del.) were evaluated and content of pigments in
leaves of apple trees grafted on rootstock M.26 were tested.
It was detected that selection number No. 19464 ended the flowering most early,
No. 19942 and standard cultivar ‘Antej’ – several days later. Flowers of No. 20427
were the most resistant to spring frosts and flowers of No. 20016, No. 19436,
No. 19709 and ‘Antej’ – were the most sensitive. Selection No. 19436 was estimated
as the most winterhardy. Fruit trees of No. 19646, No. 19707, No. 20429,
No. 20978 were fairly winterhardy though injuries of one-year-old shoots were little
higher. Winterhardiness of selections No. 19399, No. 20242, No. 20427 were lower.
All investigated selections were immune to apple scab. Apple trees of No. 19496,
No. 20016 and No. 20429 were not damaged by European canker. Symptoms of
scab and apple blotch were not detected for No. 19399, No. 19646, No. 19707 and
No. 20427, to scab and European canker – for No. 19436. Selections No. 20016 and
No. 20429 were resistant to all investigated diseases.
Tested selections differed by tree height, crown diameter, crown section area and
trunk diameter. The height of the lowest trees was 2.70 m and this of the highest –
3.73 m. The lowest crown diameter was 2.53 m and crown section area – 4.77 m 2 .
Significant differences among selections were detected for chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid
content in leaves. Selection No. 22170 had the highest content of photosynthetic
pigments in leaves and No. 20429 – the lowest.
Key words: apple, cultivars, growth, phenology, photosynthetic pigments, resistance
to diseases.
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