Net Werk voor de Geschiedenis van Hygiene en Milieu, 1999-2001 ...

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workings of our cultural sensibilities.
The book explores how the nature
of zoos and their significance
to cultural consumers is portrayed
in over 100 works. It explores what
animals’ captivity signifies about the
people who create, maintain, and
patronize zoos; Malamud argues
that zoos represent a cultural danger,
a deadening of our sensibilities,
because the institutions - rather
than fostering an appreciation for
animals’ attributes - convince spectators
that people are the imperial
species.”
Merrett, S., Introduction to the economics
of water resources: an international
perspective, (Lanham:
Rowman and Littlefield, 1997).
Niklasson, M., Dendroecological
studies In forest and fire history.
(dissertatie Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet
1998.
“Dendroecological methods were
used to investigate past Saami use
of forest resources and to reconstruct
temporal and spatial aspects
of fire disturbances including successional
patterns. (I) in the first
study, seasonal and annual patterns
in Saami use of innerbark for food
were reconstructed from the early
1600s to 1870 with cross-dating of
bark peeling scars in scots pine. The
regular use of inner bark over time
and the lack of association with
known agrarian famine years, support
the hypothesis that inner bark
was used regularly, and not only as
an emergency food. Spatial changes
peeling activity around the lake is
interpreted as temporal changes in
nomadic fishing activity. (II) in a
600 km 2 landscape in Vasterbotten
county, samples from stumps, dead
trees and living trees with fire scars
were collected for a spatial reconstruction
of fires back to the 1300s.
Up to the late 1600s fires were
relatively few but large. During the
agricultural colonization of the area,
from 1650 to 1850, the number of
fires increased eighteen-fold but the
fire frequency increased only fourfold
due to a parallel decrease in fire
size. (III) the long-term influence
of fires and fire intensity on the
tree species composition in a mixed
pinus-picea forest was investigated
with tree-ring methods which were
combined with a pollen and charcoal
analysis of a peat hollow. Fire
history was dated with fire scars in
snags and trees and was successfully
correlated to a charcoal layer
in peat. Age structures and growth
reactions in trees after fire revealed,
in combination with pollen analysis,
that fire intensity was an important
factor for the tree species
dynamics and post-fire successional
patterns. (IV) in a fourth study,
age determination of suppressed
slow-growing Norway spruce was
greatly improved with an alternative
tree-ring dating method. This improved
the age determination with
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contactblad van de
stichting net werk voor de
950-951
geschiedenis van hygiëne en milieu
redactie: myriam d a r u
webversie: jan van den n o o r t
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20 years (on average) compared to
ring counts in cores. The large discrepancy
in age was due to missing
rings in the lower stem part and the
initiation of a new root collar above
the initial point of origin. It is concluded
that tree-ring analysis can
contribute essential data to forest
and fire history. In many contexts,
tree rings may be the only available
source of information and provides
new insight to natural processes as
well as human impact and use of
forest resources.”
Pfister, C. Wetternachhersage. 500
Jahre Klimavariationen und
Naturkatastrophen (1496-1995),
H. Grassl, J. Lüterbacher en
H. Wanner (Bern: Paul Haupt,
1999).
“Including 97 colored graphs, 38
pictures, 85 diagrams of ‘Grosswetterlagen’
and 195 historical charts
of mean monthly sea level pressure
in Europe from the early sixteenth
century to the present. Results of
first-ever investigations between the
relationship of climatic variations
in the past and the frequency and
severity of natural hazards in central
Europe during the last five-hundred
years are presented in this book.
The manner in which monthly
temperature and precipitation are
estimated from documentary data
prior to the period of instrumental
measurements is described in the
first section. A second focus is put
on reconstructing natural hazards
- severe floods, storms and damaging
avalanches - from documentary
data. The frequency of such events
is analyzed and the most extreme
of them are described in detail. It
is concluded that in a quasi-natural
climate the frequency of natural
hazards undergoes large variations.
As a consequence, the twentieth
century cannot be taken as a safe
basis for extrapolations into the
future or the diagnosis of anthropogenic
effects. In a final chapter, the
significance of the findings for the
current debate on climate is highlighted.”
Poppel, F. W. A. van, De ‘statistieke
ontleding van de dooden’: een
spraakzame bron, (Nijmegen:
KU Nijmegen, 1999), ISBN 90
5710 064 9.
Ribeiro, L. F., The cultural landscape
and the uniqueness of
place: a greenway heritage network
for landscape conservation
of Lisbon metropolitan area,
PhD University of Massachusetts
(1998).
“The cultural landscape of Lisbon
metropolitan area evolved through
processes of trial and error, and cultural
exchanges, leading to a landscape
that is in many situations ecologically
sustainable, visual attractive,
and culturally and historically
identifiable. This results in a high
landscape quality that is underly-
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