Net Werk voor de Geschiedenis van Hygiene en Milieu, 1999-2001 ...

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Public Health
and Social Justice
in the Age of Chadwick
Britain, 1800-1854
Christopher Hamlin
University of Notre Dame
Christopher Hamlin, auteur van
‘A Science of Purity’ staat bekend
als een autoriteit op het gebied van
de geschiedenis van hygiëne. Wanneer
een nieuw boek van zijn hand
verschijnt, kunnen we verwachten
dat hij ons nieuwe inzichten zal
brengen, op heel eigen wijze geformuleerd.
In zijn laatste boek
durft hij het aan om de klassieke en
steeds herhaalde geschiedenis van
Edwin Chadwick als pionier van de
gezondheidstechniek in Groot-Brittannië
te relativeeren en opnieuw te
interpreteren.
The 1830s and 1840s are the formative
years of modern public
health in Britain, when the poor
law bureaucrat Edwin Chadwick
conceived his vision of public
health through public works and
began the campaign for the construction
of the kinds of water and
sewerage works that ultimately
became the standard components
of urban infrastructure throughout
the developed world. This book first
explores that vision and campaign
against the backdrop of the great
‘condition-of-England’ questions
of the period, of what rights and
expectations working people could
justifiably have in regard to political
participation, food, shelter and
conditions of work. It examines the
ways Chadwick’s sanitarianism fit
the political needs of the much-hated
Poor Law Commission and of
Whig and Tory governments, each
seeking some antidote to revolutionary
Charitism. It then reviews the
Chadwickians’ efforts to solve the
host of problems they met in trying
to implement the sanitary idea: of
what responsibilities central and local
units of government, and private
contractors, were to have; of how
townspeople could be persuaded to
embark on untried public technologies;
of where the new public health
experts were to come from; and of
how elegant technical designs were
to be fitted to the unique social, political
and geographic circumstances
of individual towns.
Rejecting the view that Chadwick’s
program was a simple response to
an obvious urban problem Professor
Hamlin argues that at the time a
‘public health’ focusing narrowly on
sanitary public works represented
a retreat of public medicine from
involvement with the great social issues
of the Industrial Revolution. In
exploring the views of medical men
who were critical of Chadwick,
Hamlin suggests the parameters
of a public health that might have
been, in which concern for health
and well-being becomes the foun-
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