Net Werk voor de Geschiedenis van Hygiene en Milieu, 1999-2001 ...
Net Werk voor de Geschiedenis van Hygiene en Milieu, 1999-2001 ...
Net Werk voor de Geschiedenis van Hygiene en Milieu, 1999-2001 ...
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Elektronische herdruk <strong>van</strong><br />
De kwestie <strong>de</strong>r faecaliën<br />
De aankondiging <strong>van</strong> Jan <strong>van</strong> <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Noort over zijn bijdrag<strong>en</strong> in het<br />
Rotterdams Jaarboekje bracht mij<br />
op het i<strong>de</strong>e om e<strong>en</strong> elektronische<br />
herdruk <strong>van</strong> mijn afstu<strong>de</strong>erscriptie<br />
aan <strong>de</strong> lezers <strong>van</strong> <strong>Net</strong> <strong>Werk</strong> aan te<br />
bie<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
In juni 1985 stu<strong>de</strong>er<strong>de</strong> ik als maatschappijhistorica<br />
af op het thema<br />
“De Kwestie <strong>de</strong>r Faecaliën”, over <strong>de</strong><br />
afvoer <strong>van</strong> m<strong>en</strong>selijke uitwerpsel<strong>en</strong><br />
uit Ne<strong>de</strong>rlandse ste<strong>de</strong>n in <strong>de</strong> neg<strong>en</strong>ti<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong><br />
eeuw. Voor zoverre ik weet,<br />
was over dit thema tot dan toe niet<br />
gepubliceerd <strong>van</strong>uit e<strong>en</strong> milieuhistorisch<br />
<strong>en</strong> hygiënehistorisch perspectief<br />
(wel als lokale geschie<strong>de</strong>nis).<br />
De lijvige scriptie is getypt. Met<br />
OCR (optical character recognition)<br />
heb ik <strong>de</strong> tekst overg<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong> in<br />
elektronische vorm. Het is ondanks<br />
<strong>de</strong> elktronica nog e<strong>en</strong> moeizaam<br />
karwei <strong>en</strong> niet alle leesfout<strong>en</strong> zijn<br />
uit <strong>de</strong> tekst weggezuiverd, maar wie<br />
belangstelling heeft, kan <strong>de</strong>ze op<br />
e<strong>en</strong> floppy ont<strong>van</strong>g<strong>en</strong>. Als vergoeding<br />
vraag ik rele<strong>van</strong>te informatie<br />
<strong>voor</strong> <strong>Net</strong> <strong>Werk</strong> (e<strong>en</strong> kleine donatie<br />
aan <strong>de</strong> stichting is natuurlijk ook<br />
nooit weg).<br />
Stuur e<strong>en</strong> mailtje of e<strong>en</strong> kaart naar<br />
Myriam Daru<br />
Winselerhof 56<br />
5625 LZ Eindhov<strong>en</strong><br />
of mail naar mdaru@iae.nl<br />
Gezondheid, hygiëne <strong>en</strong><br />
milieu: bije<strong>en</strong>komst<strong>en</strong><br />
in Duitsland<br />
De Rheinische Kreis <strong>de</strong>r Medizinhistoriker<br />
heeft informele <strong>en</strong> formele<br />
verga<strong>de</strong>ring<strong>en</strong>. In mei 2000 is e<strong>en</strong><br />
informele bije<strong>en</strong>komst gepland<br />
in Nijmeg<strong>en</strong>. Hoofdthema is <strong>de</strong><br />
koloniale g<strong>en</strong>eeskun<strong>de</strong>, waar zoals<br />
bek<strong>en</strong>d milieu <strong>en</strong> hygiëne uitermate<br />
belangrijk zijn. Het gezelschap<br />
streeft Europese sam<strong>en</strong>werking na <strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> contact<strong>en</strong> met Ne<strong>de</strong>rland, België<br />
<strong>en</strong> Luxemburg zijn veelvuldig.<br />
Op 22.-25. September 2000 is in<br />
Düsseldorf <strong>de</strong> jaarlijke verga<strong>de</strong>ring<br />
<strong>van</strong> <strong>de</strong> Deutsch<strong>en</strong> Gesellschaft fuer<br />
Geschichte <strong>de</strong>r Medizin, Naturwiss<strong>en</strong>schaft<br />
und Technik statt, met als<br />
hoofdthema <strong>de</strong> raakvlakk<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
geschie<strong>de</strong>nis <strong>van</strong> g<strong>en</strong>eeskun<strong>de</strong>, <strong>van</strong><br />
natuurwet<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> techniek.<br />
66<br />
contactblad <strong>van</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
stichting net werk <strong>voor</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
1014-1015<br />
geschie<strong>de</strong>nis <strong>van</strong> hygiëne <strong>en</strong> milieu<br />
redactie: myriam d a r u<br />
webversie: jan <strong>van</strong> <strong>de</strong>n n o o r t<br />
23<br />
24<br />
A walk<br />
through the Forest<br />
This is the summary of a paper<br />
pres<strong>en</strong>ted at a research seminar of<br />
the Departm<strong>en</strong>t of History of the<br />
University of Stirling on 24 February<br />
<strong>1999</strong>. The title of the seminar<br />
was “Environm<strong>en</strong>tal History: Interdisciplinary<br />
and Where this Leaves<br />
History”. The author is working on<br />
a dissertation on the <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
impact of the past policies of the<br />
UK Forestry Commission in Scotland.<br />
You can find a full version of<br />
the paper on the Internet at forth.<br />
stir.ac.uk/~kjwo1/seminar.html.<br />
Among many people the image<br />
of mo<strong>de</strong>rn forestry is not a very<br />
positive one. Many walkers in the<br />
hills of Scotland and England are<br />
confronted with ‘dark regim<strong>en</strong>ted<br />
plantations’. These are the physical<br />
results of a forest policy characterised<br />
by expansion of the forests. It<br />
is suggested that this resulted in a<br />
single-min<strong>de</strong>d policy dominated by<br />
the silvicultural system of high forest<br />
plantations, managed by a clear<br />
felling system. This silvicultural<br />
system remained the dominating<br />
forestry philosophy in Britain until<br />
the 1980s. But there are indications<br />
that forestry was not that singlemin<strong>de</strong>d<br />
and foresters more <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tally<br />
s<strong>en</strong>sitive than oft<strong>en</strong><br />
suggested. To be able to recognise<br />
<strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tal s<strong>en</strong>sitive i<strong>de</strong>as in the<br />
past we must un<strong>de</strong>rstand the intellectual<br />
framework in which foresters<br />
thought and the sources that<br />
influ<strong>en</strong>ced it.<br />
The first dominant source that influ<strong>en</strong>ced<br />
forestry in Great Britain<br />
can be found in the colonial context.<br />
Botanists and other sci<strong>en</strong>tists<br />
in the colonial service noticed the<br />
impact of Imperialism on the landscapes<br />
of many colonies. This resulted<br />
in the feeling that something<br />
had to be done to preserve the<br />
forests and in 1864 the Indian Forestry<br />
Service was established. Because<br />
of the abs<strong>en</strong>ce of a sci<strong>en</strong>tific<br />
forestry tradition in Britain, foresters<br />
from France and Germany were<br />
employed in the colonial forestry<br />
services and stu<strong>de</strong>nts were s<strong>en</strong>t to<br />
the Contin<strong>en</strong>t. In the colonial context<br />
the two contin<strong>en</strong>tal traditions<br />
merged to form a colonial forestry<br />
tradition of <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tally s<strong>en</strong>sitive<br />
forestry. This forestry tradition<br />
was introduced in Britain by botanists<br />
and foresters returning form<br />
their service in the colonies. They<br />
propagated the establishm<strong>en</strong>t of<br />
forestry schools and a state forestry<br />
organisation to manage the forests.<br />
Wh<strong>en</strong> the Forestry Commission<br />
was established in 1919 it adopted<br />
the forestry method of high forestry<br />
managed by a clear felling system<br />
that had first <strong>de</strong>veloped in Germany.<br />
At the pres<strong>en</strong>t day this is regar<strong>de</strong>d<br />
as an <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tal unfri<strong>en</strong>dly<br />
practice. Many authors suggest that<br />
23 <strong>Net</strong> <strong>Werk</strong> 66 - februari 2000<br />
23/24