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Livro Psic. escolar e educ - Para associar-se ou renovar sua ...

Livro Psic. escolar e educ - Para associar-se ou renovar sua ...

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<strong>Psic</strong>ologia Escolar e Educacional, 2003 Volume 7 Número 1 21-31DETERMINANTES PSICOLINGÜÍSTICOS DA COMPREENSÃO DE LEITURA EM INGLÊSCOMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRAResumoJavier Vivaldo-Lima 1Miguel López-Olivas 2Rosa Obdulia González-Robles 3O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a contribuição das variáveis lingüísticas e psicológicas da variância associada à compreensão de leitura eminglês (L2). A amostra esteve integrada por 280 estudantes universitarios, falantes nativos do espanhol. A dimensão lingüística da análi<strong>se</strong> avali<strong>ou</strong>a influência das habilidades de processamento de texto do leitor em espanhol (L1), da <strong>sua</strong> competência lingüística em L2 e da <strong>sua</strong> habilidade paraperceber transparência léxica entre as duas línguas, enquanto a dimensão psicológica analis<strong>ou</strong> a influência do estilo cognoscitivo, do locus decontrole e do controle de ação sobre a capacidade do leitor para construir significado a partir do texto. Administr<strong>ou</strong>-<strong>se</strong> aos sujeitos uma bateria de<strong>se</strong>te instrumentos de avaliação. Uma série de análi<strong>se</strong> de regressão múltipla indic<strong>ou</strong> a existência dum modelo explicativo da leitura em L2 em dua<strong>se</strong>tapas. Na primeira, as variáveis psicológicas explicaram 10.2% da variância associada ao processamento do texto em L1, variável que, na <strong>se</strong>gundaetapa, explic<strong>ou</strong> 35.8% da variância associada à compreensão de leitura em inglês, ajuntada à competência lingüística do leitor em L2 e à <strong>sua</strong>capacidade para perceber transparência léxica entre L1 e L2.Palavras chave: Compreensão de leitura em inglês; Competência lingüística.PSYCHOLINGUISTIC DETERMINANTS OF READING COMPREHENSION IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGEAbstractThe purpo<strong>se</strong> of this study was to analyze the contribution of linguistic and psychological variables in the explanation of the variance associatedwith reading comprehension in English (L2). Two hundred and eighty Mexican university students participated in the study. The variables analyzedwithin the linguistic dimension were: reading strategies in Spanish, linguistic competence in English, and ability to perceive lexical transparencybetween L1 and L2. The psychological dimension evaluated the influence of the reader’s cognitive style, locus of control, and action controlorientation on reading comprehension in L2. Subjects were administered a battery of <strong>se</strong>ven evaluation instruments. Multiple regression analy<strong>se</strong>ssuggested a two-stage explanatory model of reading in L2. Firstly, psychological variables acc<strong>ou</strong>nted for 10.0% of the variance in readingcomprehension in the first language. Secondly, reading comprehension in Spanish, linguistic competence in L2, and perception of lexicaltransparency, acc<strong>ou</strong>nted for 35.5% of the variance in reading comprehension in English.Key words: Reading comprehension, foreign language, psycholinguistic re<strong>se</strong>arch.INTRODUCTIONThe ability to read proficiently in at least one foreignlanguage has become a major requirement of thecurricula of institutions of higher <strong>educ</strong>ation thr<strong>ou</strong>gh<strong>ou</strong>tthe world. This increasing demand for proficiency inspecific skills in foreign languages (reading being themost <strong>ou</strong>tstanding) has led to the development of c<strong>ou</strong>r<strong>se</strong>sfor specific objectives, designed to meet concreteacademic priorities.Given the current need to improve the reading skillsof <strong>ou</strong>r university students, it is considered of utmostimportance to achieve a deep comprehension of themechanisms, proces<strong>se</strong>s, and variables that promote theacquisition of relevant disc<strong>ou</strong>r<strong>se</strong> processing skills in a<strong>se</strong>cond or a foreign language, with particular emphasison reading. Such understanding w<strong>ou</strong>ld address a majorre<strong>se</strong>arch priority (Pugh & Ulijn, 1984) and promote thedevelopment of re<strong>se</strong>arch-gr<strong>ou</strong>nded instructionalapproaches in the field.Fearch and Kasper (1986) have stres<strong>se</strong>d the need toextrapolate the re<strong>se</strong>arch done in the field of reading in a1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa - Área de Investigación en Lenguas y Culturas Extranjeras.2Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Facultad de <strong>Psic</strong>ología.3Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa - Departamento de Matemáticas.

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