Zugang zu Pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen für die ... - Genres

Ökonomische Bewertung von Instrumenten zur Erhaltung und Nutzung der genetischen Ressourcen
5) Through the centuries, farmers created global economic values by the using and selecting
varieties and races, and if given the right incentives, they will continue to maintain and augment
these values. The „Farmers’ Rights“ are not only a question of fairness, but also of the economic
efficiency of incentives for widely distributed innovations to agricultural growth in complex habitat
conditions. They have to be seen as a supplement for national and international research endeavors
in sustainable agricultural development.
6) International conventions and mechanisms for financing (International funds) are necessary,
to compensate single farmers, communities as well as national research and advice systems
(especially opportunity costs and reduction of shorttime profits) for the costs for the conserservation
and use of genetic resources. The implementation (including financing) and the access
to funds resources has to be goal-oriented, e.g to the promotion of biological diversity. At the
moment, important aspects only began to be discussed.
7) The international conventions and mechanism of financing discussed today need methods for
evaluation and checking.Without these, the risk is too high that in view of the complexity of the
problem of conserving and maintaining the biological diversity, governmental transfer payments
will not be used goal-oriented, but only inefficiently.
8) In view of the strong dynamics of the changing access to genetic resources as well as the
problems of communication regarding cost and effects of bio-diversity, only an open „learning-bydoing“
process for the creation of markets and institutes is adequate.
9) Besides an adequate compensation for individual, communal, regional and national efforts for
the conservation of biodiversity and genetic resources, activities to fight poverty in developing
countries with a high biological diversity have to be continued and intensified. It would be unethic,
unrealistic and economically short-sighted to reduce these efforts in favour of ecological goals
such as the promotion of biodiversity. Reduced poverty and a higher educational level will make
it easier to preserve biological diversity.
1 Neue Sachlage und neue ökonomische Fragen
Die Bedingungen für den Zugang zu und die Nutzung von genetischen Ressourcen für die Landwirtschaft
und Ernährung werden zunehmend ein relevantes Thema, weil
– neue technologische Möglichkeiten der Biotechnologie die Nachfrage nach genetischen
Ressourcen erhöhen,
– die Rechtslage in Sachen Eigentum an genetischen Ressourcen sich gewandelt hat (Eigentum
der Länder),
– abnehmende biologische Vielfalt und die Anerkennung ihres Wertes Risiken und Knappheiten
erkennbar werden lassen und weil