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Literature cited Gutierrez R. F., Arnaud T., Albi M., Influence of ecological cultivation on virgin olive oil quality, JAOCS, 1999, 76:617-621. Perri E., Palopoli A., Pellegrino M., Sirianni R., Miele D., 1999a, La caratterizzazione degli oli di oliva calabresi ottenuti da agricoltura biologica, Proceedings of Seminario-Laboratorio “Metodi e sistemi innovativi dell’olivicoltura biologica e sostenibile: stato della ricerca e della sperimentazione”, Rende, april 14-16, pp147- 153. Perri E, Raffaelli A., Sindona, 1999b, G., Quantitation of oleuropein in virgin olive oil by ionspray mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring, J. Agric. Food Chem., 47(10), 4156 -4160. Perri E., Rizzuti B., Pellegrino M., Salvo F., Spartà G., 2001, Valutazione organolettica degli oli di oliva siciliani campionati nell’ambito del progetto POM B07 ”Caratterizzazione degli oli di oliva meridionali da agricoltura biologica” nell’annata 1999-2000, in Corso per tecnici degustatori d’olio extravergine e vergine d’oliva, Regione Siciliana, Alcamo. Perri E., Rizzuti B., Pellegrino M., Paparella N., Panaro N., Cavallo C., 2002, Characterisation of italian virgin olive oils from organic farming systems, Atti “4th Intenational Symposium on olive growing”, Valenzano (BA), 25-30 settembre - Acta Horticulturae (in corso di stampa). Perri E., Lombardo N., Parlati M.V., Fodale A., Mulè R., Pellegrino M., Salvo F., Spartà G., 2002, Caratterizzazione di oli di oliva da agricoltura biologica provenienti dalla Sicilia, Atti del Convegno Iternazionale di Olivicoltura, Spoleto, 22-23 aprile 2002. Table 1. Mean values of the main quality parameters of olive oil of Ogliarola salentina cv. from Villa Castelli (Brindisi, Italy) and significant differences in the means of the same treatment and between treatments. Ripeness index Parameter Culture 2.0 4.1 Mean (a) Acidity Organic 0.42 n.s. 0.37 n.s. 0.40 (as % of oleic acid) Conventional 0.28 n.s 0.33 n.s. 0.30 n.s. n.s. n.s. Peroxide (mg O2/kg) Organic 5.40 n.s. 5.80 n.s. 5.60 Conventional 5.07 n.s. 5.40 n.s. 5.23 n.s. n.s. n.s. Total phenols Organic 225.63 n.s. 180.13 n.s. 202.88 (mg/kg) Conventional 266.23 A 177.10 B 221.67 n.s. n.s. n.s. Organoleptic score Organic 7.00 A 5.53 B 6.27 Conventional 6.66 a 5.53 b 6.00 n.s. n.s. n.s. Oleic acid (%) Organic 66.22 n.s. 66.21 n.s. 66.22 Conventional 65.15 n.s. 68.74 n.s. 66.94 n.s. n.s. n.s. Oleuropein (mg/kg) Organic 0.073 A 0.120 B 0.096 (a) Overall means. Differences within the same row (Tukey test): n.s.=not significant; means in row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P 0.01 (capital letters) or P 0.05. Differences within the same column (Tukey test): n.s.=not significant, * P
25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST PLASMOPARA VITICOLA Ilaria Pertot, Federica De Luca, Antonella Vecchione, Luca Zulini Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige, via E. Mach 1, S. Michele all’Adige (TN) ilaria.pertot@ismaa.it Keywords downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, biological control agents, organic agriculture. Introduction Downy mildew causal agent, Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. et De Toni, is one of the most important grapevine pathogens, causing great losses if no protective treatments are applied (Kortekamp, 1997). Nowadays consumer and farmer are much more concerned about food, health and environment safety (Butt, 2001). The conditions for using copper will be restricted by European Union by fixing a ceiling on use expressed in terms of kilograms of copper per hectare per year in organic agriculture. Antagonist microorganisms could be a possible alternative to copper in downy mildew controlling. Epidemiological characteristics of downy mildew probably would not allow a complete field control based on a single biocontrol agent (BCA). A possible solution for improving efficacy of BCA could be the integration of several micro-organisms with different action mechanisms on specific stages of disease: i) during oospore overwintering and germination, for primary inoculum reduction ii) and during sporangia germination for protection against secondary infections. Materials and methods Micro-organisms were isolated from grapevine leaf material and rhizosphere of 18 different vineyards located in the north –east of Italy. Vineyards were abandoned and chemically untreated for at least three years. Microorganisms were isolated on potato dextrose agar, malt agar and nutrient sucrose agar and grown at 20°C. Several isolation methods were used: inocula were based on leaf washing water, necrotic leaf portions grounded in sterile water with mortar and pestle, necrotic leaf pieces, infected leaf dish maintained in contact with naturally degraded leaf material and root surface material. For each kind of material used, all morphologically different colonies of fungi and bacteria were collected. A sample of 46 isolates was evaluated for sporangia germination and infection inhibition activity. A sample of 33 isolates was evaluated for overwintering oospores inhibition activity. The evaluation methods used were: i) oospore germination inhibition, based on a modified floating leaf disk method (Hill); ii) inhibition of sporangia germination, based on reduction percentage of sporangia germination in a 1:1 water solution of the isolate culture broth and P. viticola sporangia; iii) infection inhibition, based on the reduction of the number of sporangiophore developed on isolate culture broth treated leaves. Results and discussion Several micro-organisms have induced a partial inhibition of sporangia germination (tab. 1), but the complete control of infection on leaf can be achieved with only few of them. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 123
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
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DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
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THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
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NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
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PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
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5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
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Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
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BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
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Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
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It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
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Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
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PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
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I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
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POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
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31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
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1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
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2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
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Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
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5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
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Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
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californicus (fitoseide predatore)
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7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
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8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
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Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
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9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
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(mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
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10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
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