International Congress BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS - Gruppo di ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

important alternative foodstuff for the Phytoseiids (Wiedmer and Boller, 1990; Remund and Boller, 1992; Engel and Ohnesorge,1994) that are able to colonise even the grass flora, in particular many dicotyledons that then become another reservoir of useful species available for the grapevine (Lozzia and Rigamonti, 1998). Biological control, as can be seen from the above examples and from numerous other cases, has often been an efficacious and reliable instrument for a permanent solution linked to infestations of single phytophagous insects. However, it still cannot be considered suitable for the management of pests on the whole, not even limiting itself to animal organisms. Also in the case of the wine grapevine, which is perhaps the culture that today has the best situation, there have been problems following the expansion of flavescence dorée, a phytoplasma disease carried by Scaphoideus titanus Ball, whose control requires the carrying out of treatments against the vector, interventions that risk to frustrate also the results obtained with biological control against other phytophagous insects of the grapevine. This situation can be generalised and applied to all viral, bacterial or phytoplasma diseases transmitted by vector organisms, whether they be insects, mites or nematodes. In these cases, in fact, it is necessary to maintain the populations of the parasite at extremely low density levels that cannot be obtained through the action of natural antagonists which for their own existence, need the presence of a suitable quantity of victims. Only the availability of resistant plants will make treatments against vectors superfluous in the future. The management of vector species, the one of key phytophagous insects of the various cultures for which usually “natural” control is not sufficient, the side effects of fungicide treatments are at present and in the near future the main obstacles to the creation of a phytosanitary defence against phytophagous insects only using biological control strategies. Another factor that must be considered and that today limits the reliability of biological control is the dynamic nature of agroecosystems. The appearance of new phytophagous insects, the pullulations of secondary or occasional species, the expansion of the area of numerous pests and so on, are highly probable events but they cannot be forecasted, and this makes it necessary to have continuous adjustments to the methods adopted even if they are widely experimented and to study new strategies. The same variability that exists between different areas whereby a culture is diffused implies the need not to generalise solutions but to find those more suitable to the single realities through a continuous process of experimentation. To sum up, we can say that biological control is without a doubt the main weapon on hand in modern agriculture for the management of phytophagous insects but it still requires many studies before all its potential can be used to the full and for a certain period of time it will be necessary to use more invasive techniques. BIBLIOGRAPHY ARZONE A., VIDANO C., ARNÒ C., 1988 - Predators and parasitoids of Empoasca vitis and Zygina rhamni (Rhynchota Auchenorrhyncha). In Vidano C. & Arzone A. (ed.), Proc. 6th Auchenorrhyncha Meeting. CNR- IPRA, Torino: 623-629. BASSINO J.P., 1987 - Principles of integrated protection in vine growing. A.A. Balkema Ed., Rotterdam, Proc. Meeting E.C. Experts’ Group “integrated Pest Control in Viticulture”, Portoferraio, Italy, 26-28/9/1 985: 329- 336. BOLLER E., REMUND U., 1986 - Der Rebberg als vielfältiges Agro-Oekosystem. Schweiz. Z. Obst-Weinbau, 122 (2): 45-50 BOLLER E., BASLER P., 1987 - Pflanzenschutzmassnahmen in Weinbau im Rahmen der integrierte Produktion. Schweiz. Z. Obst-Weinbau, 123 (2): 61-63. BOLLER E.F, REMUND U., CANDOLFI M.P., 1988 - Hedges as potential sources of Typhlodromus pyri, the most important predatory mite in vineyards of northern Switzerland. Entomophaga, 33: 249-255. CERUTTI F., DELUCCHI V., BAUMGÄRTNER J., RUBLI D., 1989 - Ricerche sull’ecosistema “vigneto” nel Ticino: II. La colonizzazione dei vigneti da parte della cicalina Empoasca vitis Goethe (Hom., Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) e del suo parassitoide Anagrus atomus Haliday (Hym., Mymaridae), e importanza della flora circostante. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 62: 253-267. CERUTTI F., BAUMGÄRTNER J., DELUCCHI V., 1990 - Ricerche sull’ecosistema “vigneto” nel Ticino: III. Biologia e fattori di mortalità di Empoasca vitis Goethe (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 63: 43-54. COIUTTI C., 1993 - Acari Fitoseidi su piante arboree spontanee e coltivate in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Frustula entomol., n.s. 16: 65-77. DUSO C., TORRESAN L., VETTORAZZO E., 1993 - La vegetazione spontanea come riserva di ausiliari: considerazioni sulla diffusione degli Acari Fitoseidi (Acari Phytoseiidae) in un vigneto e sulle piante spontanee contigue. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic., Ser. II, 25: 183-203. ENGEL R. VON, OHNESORGE B., 1994 – Die Rolle von Ersatznahrung und Mikroklima im System Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari, Phytoseiidae) – Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae) auf Weinreben. 1. Untersuchungen im Labor. J. Appl. Ent., 118: 129-150. GIROLAMI V., CONTE L., CAMPORESE P., BENUZZI M., MARTIR G. R., DRADI D., 1996 - Possibilità di controllo biologico della Metcalfa pruinosa. Inf.re Agrario. 52 (25): 61-65. LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1990 - Influenza dell'ambiente e delle tecniche agrocolturali sulla presenza dei fitoseidi (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in alcuni vigneti del Nord Italia. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 1990, 1: 449- 458. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 16
LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 - Modello di gestione integrata dell'agroecosistema vigneto. Atti Convegno "La difesa integrata dell'uva da tavola e da vino per gli aiuti comunitari del regolamento CEE 2078/92", Latina, 26 XI 1994: 75-98. LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1998 – Effects of weed management on phytoseiid populations in vineyards of Lombardy (Italy). Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic., Ser II, 30: 69-78. REMUND U., NIGGLI U., BOLLER E.F., 1989 - Faunistische und botanische Erhebungen in einem Rebberg der Ostschweiz. Einfluss der Unterwichsbewirtschaftung auf das Ökosystem Rebberg. Landwirtschaft. Schweiz. Band. 2: 393-408. REMUND U., GUT D., BOLLER E.F., 1992 – Beziehungen zwischen Begleitflora und Arthropodenfauna in ostschweizer Rebbergen. Einfluss der botanischen Vielfalt auf okologische Gleichgewichte. Schweiz. Zeit. Obst- Weinbau, 128 (20): 528-540. REMUND U., BOLLER E.F., 1992 - Blühende Rebberge in der Ostschweiz: 3. Ergänzende Pollenfrassversuche mit Raubmilben. Schweiz. Zeit. Obst- Weinbau, 128: 237-240. VIDANO C., 1958 - Le cicaline italiane della vite (Hemiptera Typhlocybidae). Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic., Ser. 11, 1: 61- 115. VIDANO C., ARNÒ C., ALMA A., 1988 - On the Empoasca vitis intervention threshold on vine (Rhynchota Auchenorrhyncha). In Vidano C. & Arzone A. (ed.), Proc. 6th Auchenorrhyncha Meeting. CNR-IPRA, Torino: 517-524. WIEDMER U., BOLLER E.F., 1990 – Blühende Rebberge in der Ostschweiz: 2. Zum Pollenangebot auf den Rebenblättern. Schweiz. Zeit. Obst- Weinbau, 126: 426-431. ZANGHERI S., DONADINI P., 1980 - Comparsa nel Veneto di un Omottero neartico: Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Homoptera, Flatidae). Redia, 63: 301-305 PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 17
Page 1 and 2: International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
Page 3 and 4: 15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
Page 5 and 6: MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
Page 7 and 8: Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
Page 9 and 10: target botanical synthetic sodium c
Page 11 and 12: RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
Page 13 and 14: Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
Page 15: of the host, a relatively limited n
Page 19 and 20: DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
Page 21 and 22: THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
Page 23 and 24: NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
Page 25 and 26: PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
Page 27 and 28: 5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
Page 29 and 30: Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
Page 31 and 32: BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
Page 33 and 34: Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
Page 35 and 36: It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
Page 37 and 38: Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
Page 39 and 40: PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
Page 41 and 42: I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
Page 43 and 44: POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
Page 45 and 46: 31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
Page 47 and 48: 1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
Page 49 and 50: 2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
Page 53 and 54: 5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
Page 55 and 56: Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
Page 57 and 58: californicus (fitoseide predatore)
Page 59 and 60: 7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
Page 61 and 62: 8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
Page 65 and 66: 9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
Page 67 and 68:
(mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
Page 69 and 70:
10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
Page 71 and 72:
% cumulative hatch 40 35 30 25 20 1
Page 73 and 74:
ROTENONE Il principio attivo è est
Page 75 and 76:
- azadiractina nei confronti di F.
Page 77 and 78:
Recovery and repeatabilty tests wer
Page 79 and 80:
13 IMPIEGO DEL TIMOLO NEL CONTROLLO
Page 81 and 82:
dello standard esterno. E’ stata
Page 83 and 84:
Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
Page 85 and 86:
phytotoxicity index (%) Results In
Page 87 and 88:
15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUC
Page 89 and 90:
16 IL CONTROLLO DELLA “ MOSCA DEL
Page 91 and 92:
Nel primo anno si può notare un an
Page 93 and 94:
17 Il contenimento della ticchiolat
Page 95 and 96:
Obtained recoveries percent were: 8
Page 97 and 98:
[Pb] (ng/g) 250,00 200,00 150,00 10
Page 99 and 100:
Supelco Supelclean LC-18 SPE tubes
Page 101 and 102:
12. Agullo, G.; Gamet, L.; Besson,
Page 103 and 104:
Tab. 3 Flavonol content (µg/ml) in
Page 105 and 106:
mg/L Fig.3 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50
Page 107 and 108:
Table 1 - Fungicides used during th
Page 109 and 110:
Table 3 - Efficacy of different tre
Page 111 and 112:
21 CONTAMINAZIONE DA MICOTOSSINE IN
Page 113 and 114:
Ricerca: Aflatossine B1 B1+B2+G1+G2
Page 115 and 116:
Campioni non Conformi 3,4 % B1 Camp
Page 117 and 118:
22 PEPTIDATI DI RAME: PRODOTTI INNO
Page 119 and 120:
23 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
Page 121 and 122:
24 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
Page 123 and 124:
25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICA
Page 125 and 126:
Fig. 1 - Effects of Biological Cont
Page 127 and 128:
26 IL CONTROLLO DELLE OPERAZIONI DI
Page 129 and 130:
Results and Discussion S. carpocaps
Page 131 and 132:
entompathogenic nematodes. CSC-EC E
Page 133 and 134:
After this preliminary screening an
Page 135 and 136:
FIGURE 3. Insecticidal activity of
Page 137 and 138:
Several colonies of Lepidopteran, C
Page 139 and 140:
PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory
Page 141 and 142:
M. Scribano research work was suppo
Page 143 and 144:
Nematode isolate % Mortality 3 100
Page 145 and 146:
In our trial organic wheat showed a
Page 147 and 148:
per "strippare" i vapori nitrosi re
Page 149 and 150:
L’ultima parte della ricerca è s
Page 151 and 152:
33 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BACTERICID
Page 153 and 154:
Vengono qui riportati i risultati d
Page 155 and 156:
while for dinocap is 10 pg/µL. For
Page 157 and 158:
[Pb](ng/ml) Figure 1: Pb content of
show all

International Congress BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS - Gruppo di ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?