International Congress BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS - Gruppo di ...

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CONCLUSIONI La ricerca intrapresa, anche se limitata ad una sola annata agraria per cui sono auspicabili ulteriori conferme, ha potuto mettere in evidenza alcuni punti di sicuro interesse. Innanzitutto vanno evidenziati i risultati relativi alle determinazioni eseguite sui frutti che, rappresentando la parte edule e commerciale, interessano principalmente i produttori e i consumatori. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano un quadro positivo; in particolare, si è dimostrata valida la difesa biologica per quanto riguarda gli aspetti igienico-sanitari e di conservazione. Confrontando infatti le percentuali di frutti colpiti alla raccolta si può osservare che il valore più basso è quello relativo alla difesa biologica (46,75%) contro il 54,87% della difesa integrata e l’81% del testimone. Per ciò che concerne invece i residui di rame presenti nel terreno, nelle foglie e frutti trattati secondo le modalità di difesa biologica e integrata, le relative concentrazioni risultano sempre inferiori al limite di tolleranza previsto dalla vigente legislazione e che per la frutta è fissato in 20 µg/g. Da queste indicazioni si può quindi dedurre che le preparazioni a base di rame possono costituire un valido metodo di difesa anticrittogamica essendo selettive ed efficaci anche a basse concentrazioni oltre ad essere di sicuro interesse data la loro limitata pericolosità per ciò che concerne gli effetti antropotossici. La prosecuzione della ricerca potrà fornire ulteriori elucidazioni su altre colture ma soprattutto mettere in evidenza in un programma colturale completo quali siano i rischi/benefici dovuti all’applicazione delle più attuali strategie di difesa al fine di migliorare le produzioni sia dal punto di vista quantitativo che qualitativo andando quindi maggiormente incontro alle pressanti richieste dei consumatori. Bibliografia - Aceto M., Abollino O., Bruzzoniti MC., Mantasti E., Sarzanini C., Malandrino M. (2002). Determination of metals in wine with atomic spectroscopy (flame-Aas, GF-AAS and ICP-AES); a review. Food Addit Contam. 19: 126-33. - Anderson R.A., Bryden N.A., Polansky M.N., Deuster P.A. (1995). Acute exercise effects on urinary losses and serum concentration of copper and zinc of moderately trained and untrained men consuming a controlled diet. Analyst 120: 867-870. - Brandolini V., Tedeschi P., Capece A., Maietti A., Mazzotta D., Salzano G., Paparella A., Romano P. (2002). Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains differing in copper resistance exhibit different capability to reduce copper content in wine. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 18: 499-503. - Chow P.Y.T., Chua T.H., Tang K.F., Ow B.Y. (1995). Dilute acid digestion procedure for the determination of lead, copper and mercury in traditional chinese medicine by atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst 120, 1221-1223. - Epsein L., Bassein S. (2001). Pesticide applications of copper on perennial crops in California, 1993 to 1998. J. Environ Qual. 30(5) : 1844-1847. - Hamey PY., Harris CA. (1999). The variation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and the associated assessment of risk. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30: 34-41. - Tahan J.E., Sànchez J.M., Granadillo V.A., Cubillàn H.S., Romero R.A. (1995). Concentration of total Al, Fe, Hg, Na, Pb and Zn in commercial canned seafood determined by spectrometric means after mineralization by microwave heating. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 43: 910-915. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 150
33 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NATURAL PRODUCTS Varvaro L., M. Antonelli, G. M. Balestra, A. Fabi, D. Scermino e G. Vuono Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy The Council Regulation (EEC) no. 2092/91 shows the rules on organic production in agriculture to ensure both consumers and producers. The products for plant protection (copper compounds, propolis and sodium silicate) are listed in the Annex II part B of this regulation. The main chemicals used in organic agriculture to control bacterial plant diseases are cupric compounds. The last EEC Regulation (Reg. no. 473/2002) limits the use of copper and force the researchers to study new way in controlling bacterial diseases. The utilization of natural substances, such as propolis and sodium silicate, is one way susceptible to be investigated in order to better know their bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on some host pathogen interactions. In particular, the activity of propolis and sodium silicate, alone or in association with different copper compounds, were in vitro studied toward a large number of phytopathogenic bacterial strains, both Gram positive and Gram negative. Furthermore, some in vivo tests were performed against some bacterial diseases of tomato, by spraying commercial products containing propolis and sodium silicate and on hazelnut using copper compounds. In vitro results show that propolis is active against the growth of the most of Gram positive bacterial strains, even at relatively low concentrations, while it is very poorly active on almost all essayed Gram negative ones. Antagonistic action of sodium silicate resulted evident only at high concentrations; in particular a certain in vitro inhibition was detected on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato the agent of bacterial speck of tomato, but it was not confirmed by in vivo tests. An inhibitory effect on epiphytic populations of Xanthomonas vesicatoria, the agent of bacterial spot of tomato, was observed till to 7 days after the treatment. Sodium silicate was able to control also epiphytic populations of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the agent of bacterial canker of tomato. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of different copper compounds in controlling phytopathogenic bacteria showed some interesting results. Copper oxychloride and new chemicals, like tri-basic copper sulphate or pentahydrate copper sulphate, were sprayed on hazelnut plants showing dieback symptoms. The obtained results confirmed the preventive bactericidal effect of copper oxychloride against the pathogens and, moreover, pointed out the good effectiveness of the pentahydrate copper sulphate. In fact, even if this last compound is characterized by a copper concentration five time lower than the copper oxychloride, and although it has been sprayed at reduced field-doses, it gave the same results in controlling the hazelnut disease. All results showed that propolis and sodium silicate could be useful in controlling epiphytic bacterial populations of some phytopathogenic bacteria on tomato, especially in organic agriculture. On the other hand, copper is confirmed to be used to diminish the populations of phytopathogenic bacteria and to reduce in such a way the disease diffusion. The opportunity to successfully use chemical products characterized by low copper concentration is important to safeguard the environment and the human health. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 151
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
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DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
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THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
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NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
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PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
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5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
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Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
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BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
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Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
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It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
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Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
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PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
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I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
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POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
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31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
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1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
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2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
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Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
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5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
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Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
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californicus (fitoseide predatore)
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7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
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8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
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Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
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9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
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(mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
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10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
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% cumulative hatch 40 35 30 25 20 1
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ROTENONE Il principio attivo è est
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- azadiractina nei confronti di F.
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Recovery and repeatabilty tests wer
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13 IMPIEGO DEL TIMOLO NEL CONTROLLO
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dello standard esterno. E’ stata
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Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
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phytotoxicity index (%) Results In
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15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUC
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16 IL CONTROLLO DELLA “ MOSCA DEL
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Nel primo anno si può notare un an
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17 Il contenimento della ticchiolat
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Obtained recoveries percent were: 8
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[Pb] (ng/g) 250,00 200,00 150,00 10
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