International Congress BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS - Gruppo di ...

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BIOPESTICIDES AND THEIR REGISTRATION IN THE UNITED STATE Sheryl K. Reilly Chief, Biochemical Pesticides Branch Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division Office of Pesticides Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Biopesticides play an important role in organic crop production. Their proper use can significantly enhance the quality and production of crops targeted to address specific “niche market” needs. Biopesticides are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as pesticides and the cost of commercial development can be significant. Of the two broad classes of pesticides currently recognized by the USEPA, namely conventional chemicals and biological pesticides (or biopesticides), a substantial number belong to the biopesticide class, specifically the biochemical category. By definition, a biochemical pesticide is classified as such if it can be shown to possess a nontoxic mode of action on the target pest, and if it is naturally occurring or structurally similar and functionally identical to a naturally occurring substance. Biochemical pesticides are generally active at low concentrations and fairly specific in terms of their effects on a pest. USEPA is required by law to assure that any pesticide use in commerce will not result in unreasonable adverse effects to humans or the environment. In order to make this assessment, data requirements (e.g., mammalian toxicology, product identification and analytical methods, non-target plant and animal toxicology, fate, etc.) have been established for pesticide product registration. Registrants must address each data requirement, either by submitting a valid study or a request for a waiver of those requirements, prior to receiving formal product registration by the USEPA. Waivers of required data are based on scientific rationale or information that is known in the publically available, peer-reviewed scientific literature. For biochemical pesticides, the acceptability of data and/or waivers, as well as any proposed label uses, are reviewed by the Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division (BPPD) in the Office of Pesticide Programs of the USEPA. This division of the USEPA was formed in 1994 to facilitate the development of biopesticide products which are important tools in an integrated pest management program and offer alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. Given the time and expense associated with product development, commercialization, and registration, registrants should work closely with the USEPA, grower groups, university and extension personnel, trade group(s) and others to ensure a successful product development process. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 18
DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI FUNGINI IN AGRICOLTURA BIOLOGICA: PROBLEMI, MEZZI DISPONIBILI E PROSPETTIVE Maria Lodovica Gullino, Angelo Garibaldi DI.VA.P.R.A. – Patologia vegetale, Università di Torino La difesa delle colture dall’attacco dei numerosi patogeni fungini da sempre rappresenta un problema di non facile ed immediata soluzione in molti sistemi colturali. Ciò è tanto più vero nel caso delle produzioni biologiche. La situazione può essere più o meno complessa nel caso di sistemi colturali differenti: ad esempio è attualmente possibilmente (ma non lo sarà forse più domani) proteggere la vite dagli attacchi di patogeni fungini mentre più complessa è la situazione per il riso o per le colture ornamentali. In questa relazione vengono pertanto presi in considerazione i principali problemi causati da patogeni fungini in alcuni sistemi colturali, evidenziando le difficoltà che si incontrano o che si possono incontrare nel loro contenimento. Si esaminano i mezzi di difesa disponibili, valutando, ove possibile, criticamente le reali possibilità di impiego, sottolineando l’esigenza, anche per il comparto dell’agricoltura biologica, che tutti i prodotti ammessi passino il vaglio di una idonea valutazione, a tutela del produttore e del consumatore. Viene ribadito il concetto che, in modo particolare nel caso delle produzioni biologiche, la difesa delle colture ini zia con l’adozione di tecniche colturali idonee e con l’impiego di varietà resistenti o scarsamente suscettibili nei confronti dei più importanti parassiti. Vengono forniti alcuni esempi relativi a colture di importanza economica in Italia e si discutono criticamente le prospettive future. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 19
Page 1 and 2: International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
Page 3 and 4: 15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
Page 5 and 6: MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
Page 7 and 8: Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
Page 9 and 10: target botanical synthetic sodium c
Page 11 and 12: RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
Page 13 and 14: Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
Page 15 and 16: of the host, a relatively limited n
Page 17: LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
Page 21 and 22: THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
Page 23 and 24: NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
Page 25 and 26: PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
Page 27 and 28: 5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
Page 29 and 30: Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
Page 31 and 32: BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
Page 33 and 34: Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
Page 35 and 36: It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
Page 37 and 38: Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
Page 39 and 40: PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
Page 41 and 42: I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
Page 43 and 44: POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
Page 45 and 46: 31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
Page 47 and 48: 1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
Page 49 and 50: 2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
Page 53 and 54: 5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
Page 55 and 56: Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
Page 57 and 58: californicus (fitoseide predatore)
Page 59 and 60: 7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
Page 61 and 62: 8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
Page 65 and 66: 9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
Page 67 and 68: (mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
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10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
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% cumulative hatch 40 35 30 25 20 1
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ROTENONE Il principio attivo è est
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- azadiractina nei confronti di F.
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Recovery and repeatabilty tests wer
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13 IMPIEGO DEL TIMOLO NEL CONTROLLO
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dello standard esterno. E’ stata
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Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
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phytotoxicity index (%) Results In
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15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUC
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16 IL CONTROLLO DELLA “ MOSCA DEL
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Nel primo anno si può notare un an
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17 Il contenimento della ticchiolat
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Obtained recoveries percent were: 8
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[Pb] (ng/g) 250,00 200,00 150,00 10
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Supelco Supelclean LC-18 SPE tubes
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12. Agullo, G.; Gamet, L.; Besson,
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Tab. 3 Flavonol content (µg/ml) in
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mg/L Fig.3 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50
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Table 1 - Fungicides used during th
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Table 3 - Efficacy of different tre
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21 CONTAMINAZIONE DA MICOTOSSINE IN
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Ricerca: Aflatossine B1 B1+B2+G1+G2
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Campioni non Conformi 3,4 % B1 Camp
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22 PEPTIDATI DI RAME: PRODOTTI INNO
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23 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
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24 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
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25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICA
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Fig. 1 - Effects of Biological Cont
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26 IL CONTROLLO DELLE OPERAZIONI DI
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Results and Discussion S. carpocaps
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entompathogenic nematodes. CSC-EC E
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After this preliminary screening an
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FIGURE 3. Insecticidal activity of
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Several colonies of Lepidopteran, C
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M. Scribano research work was suppo
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Nematode isolate % Mortality 3 100
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In our trial organic wheat showed a
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per "strippare" i vapori nitrosi re
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L’ultima parte della ricerca è s
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33 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BACTERICID
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Vengono qui riportati i risultati d
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while for dinocap is 10 pg/µL. For
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[Pb](ng/ml) Figure 1: Pb content of
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