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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Emergence of juveniles from the egg masses immersed in leaf and root extracts of Ruta graveolens, either alone or combined, was significantly suppressed compared to the water control in all the four Meloidogyne species (Table 1). Leaf extract was always more effective than root extract and resulted statistically more suppressive also than fenamiphos solution. No synergic effect was derived from the combination of the two extracts, as final hatch was higher than in leaf extract alone. Egg masses immersed in root leachates gave a final hatch similar to control. The ultimate egg hatch of H. schachtii cysts incubated in single root and leaf extracts was significantly less than in 3 mM zinc sulphate and fenamiphos (Fig. 1). Suppressivity of the extracts decreased when in combination, as no difference there was in final hatch compared to the control. There was no difference between leaf and root extracts, whereas their combination resulted in a significantly higher egg hatch. As found in Meloidogyne species, no significant emergence reduction was found for the root leachates. In conclusion, the experiment evidenciated the nematicidal properties of rue extracts. The nematicidal compounds seemed to be present in all the plant tissues, but especially in leaves. A possible antagonistic effect of leaf and root extracts emerged from the results, that could be attributable to a negative interaction of the active principles responsible for the suppressive effect. The absence of a nematicidal effect in root leachates indicated that nematicidal compounds are present only in plant tissues, but not released into the soil. LITERATURE CITED Aliotta, G., and G. Cafiero, (1994). Potential allelochemicals from Ruta graveolens L. and their action on radish seeds. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20 (11): 2761-2775. Clarke A.J. and A.M. Shepherd, (1966). Inorganic ions and the hatching of Heterodera spp. Annals of Applied Biology 58: 49–508. Grainge M. and S. Ahmed, (1988). Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties. (J. Wiley and Sons eds.) New York, pp. 238-248. Hussey R.S. and K.R. Barker, (1973). A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp. including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter 57: 1025-1028. Landolt, P. J.,R. W. Hofstetter and L. L. Biddick , (1999). Plant essential oils as arrestants and repellents for neonate larvae of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environmental Entomology 28 (6): 954-960. Oliva, A. and E. Lahoz, (1999). Fungistatic activity of Ruta graveolens extract and its allelochemicals. Journal of Chemical Ecology 25 (3): 519-526. Seinhorst J.W. and H. Den Ouden (1966). An improvement of Bijloo’s method for determining the egg content of Heterodera cysts. Nematologica (12): 170-171. Table 1. Effect of root and leaf extracts and root leachates of rue (Ruta graveolens L.) on the total percent cumulative hatch of four different Meloidogyne species. Treatments 70 Meloidogyne species M. arenaria M. hapla M. incognita M. javanica Leaf extract 12 6 12 3 Root extract 59 43 61 23 Root and leaf extract 20 21 49 21 Root leachates 83 91 80 89 Fenamiphos 38 47 29 31 Distilled water 81 87 75 92 L.S.D. 0.05 11 12 15 15 L.S.D. 0.01 15 15 20 20 PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint
% cumulative hatch 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 LE RE LRE LCH FEN CTRL 0,05 0,01 Fig. 1. Effect of rue (Ruta graveolens L.) extracts on the percent cumulative hatch of Heterodera schachtii (LE = leaf extract; RE = root extract; LRE = leaf + root extract; LCH = root leachates; FEN = 5 µg/ml fenamiphos aqueous solution; CTRL = 3 mM zinc sulphate solution). PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 71
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
Page 19 and 20: DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
Page 21 and 22: THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
Page 23 and 24: NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
Page 25 and 26: PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
Page 27 and 28: 5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
Page 29 and 30: Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
Page 31 and 32: BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
Page 33 and 34: Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
Page 35 and 36: It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
Page 37 and 38: Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
Page 39 and 40: PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
Page 41 and 42: I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
Page 43 and 44: POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
Page 45 and 46: 31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
Page 47 and 48: 1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
Page 49 and 50: 2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
Page 53 and 54: 5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
Page 55 and 56: Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
Page 57 and 58: californicus (fitoseide predatore)
Page 59 and 60: 7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
Page 61 and 62: 8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
Page 65 and 66: 9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
Page 67 and 68: (mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
Page 69: 10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
Page 73 and 74: ROTENONE Il principio attivo è est
Page 75 and 76: - azadiractina nei confronti di F.
Page 77 and 78: Recovery and repeatabilty tests wer
Page 79 and 80: 13 IMPIEGO DEL TIMOLO NEL CONTROLLO
Page 81 and 82: dello standard esterno. E’ stata
Page 83 and 84: Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
Page 85 and 86: phytotoxicity index (%) Results In
Page 87 and 88: 15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUC
Page 89 and 90: 16 IL CONTROLLO DELLA “ MOSCA DEL
Page 91 and 92: Nel primo anno si può notare un an
Page 93 and 94: 17 Il contenimento della ticchiolat
Page 95 and 96: Obtained recoveries percent were: 8
Page 97 and 98: [Pb] (ng/g) 250,00 200,00 150,00 10
Page 99 and 100: Supelco Supelclean LC-18 SPE tubes
Page 101 and 102: 12. Agullo, G.; Gamet, L.; Besson,
Page 103 and 104: Tab. 3 Flavonol content (µg/ml) in
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Page 107 and 108: Table 1 - Fungicides used during th
Page 109 and 110: Table 3 - Efficacy of different tre
Page 111 and 112: 21 CONTAMINAZIONE DA MICOTOSSINE IN
Page 113 and 114: Ricerca: Aflatossine B1 B1+B2+G1+G2
Page 115 and 116: Campioni non Conformi 3,4 % B1 Camp
Page 117 and 118: 22 PEPTIDATI DI RAME: PRODOTTI INNO
Page 119 and 120: 23 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
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24 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
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25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICA
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Fig. 1 - Effects of Biological Cont
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26 IL CONTROLLO DELLE OPERAZIONI DI
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Results and Discussion S. carpocaps
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entompathogenic nematodes. CSC-EC E
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After this preliminary screening an
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FIGURE 3. Insecticidal activity of
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Several colonies of Lepidopteran, C
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PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory
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M. Scribano research work was suppo
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Nematode isolate % Mortality 3 100
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In our trial organic wheat showed a
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per "strippare" i vapori nitrosi re
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L’ultima parte della ricerca è s
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33 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BACTERICID
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Vengono qui riportati i risultati d
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while for dinocap is 10 pg/µL. For
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[Pb](ng/ml) Figure 1: Pb content of
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