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Fig 3 – 4 Symptoms of phytotoxicity in field and in greenhouse. Discussion and conclusion When long leaf wetness periods combined with low or very high temperatures are frequent it is necessary to be very careful in using copper compounds, as copper peptidate. Copper peptidate, which could be useful to reduce the annual allowed copper amount per hectar, must be used only when grapevine is less sensible to copper phytotoxicity, avoiding application until the end of flowering. Copper peptidate repeated treatments whithout periods of rains increase the risk of phytotoxicity. In this case could be useful to reduce dosages in the following treatments. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (MiPAF), research project “La difesa delle colture in agricoltura biologica”. References I. Pertot, M. Delaiti, E. Mescalchin, M. Zini, D. Forti (2002) Attività antiperonosporica di nuove formulazioni di composti rameici utilizzati a dosi ridotte e prodotti alternativi al rame impiegabili in viticoltura biologica, Atti giornate fitopatologiche 2002. AA.VV. (1997) Guidelines for the efficacy evaluation of plant protection products, vol. 1-2 OEPP/EPPO, France. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 86
15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUCTION: THE RESULTS OF THREE YEARS OF TRIALS Fabio Fusari, Antonella Petrini The relevant increasing of farms and areas interested in organic productions in Italy draws attention to the need of an experimentation which can help this sector for an equilibrate growth. CERMIS (Research and Experimental Centre for Plant Improvement “N. Strampelli”), in collaboration with ASSAM (Agency for Food and Agriculture Services in Marche region), has begun in 1998 an experimental project in the sector of autumn-vernal cereals in which the main objectives are identifying the varieties to employ and optimizing the cultivation techniques. A correct varietal choice is essential, in organic agriculture, in order to obtain acceptable productive and qualitative results. The morphological and physiological characteristics which make cultivars suitable for this kind of cultivation are: rusticity, resistance or tolerance to the main phytopathies, ability of competition with weeds and greater efficiency in the use of nitrogen. An other aspect to consider, especially in the case of bread wheat, is the qualitative one, because the milling industry requires distinct technological characteristics of the stocks according to the different kinds of product (bread, biscuits, ‘panettone’, etc.). Qualitative characteristics, intrinsic in a specific variety, are also affected by pedological, climatic and agronomic factors; so the evaluation of each single variety within a cultivation system is fundamental, especially when the external inputs are reduced as in the case of organic agriculture. The activity within the project Since from 1998 a parcel trial for the varietal comparison of bread wheat has been carried out by an organic farm situated along the valley of Potenza river (Macerata, Italy) on a medially fertile, tendentially clayey, soil. The cultivation techniques which have been adopted are the ones usually employed by that farm, admitted by the EC Reg. 2092/91. The main agronomic and qualitative attributes have been taken and statistically analysed in accordance with the methodologies adopted by the wheat national network in Italy. The twenty bread wheat varieties that have been evaluated have been chosen, between the ones registered to the national catalogue, on the basis of their agronomic, merchandise (qualitative classes) and commercial characteristics. Also the old cultivar Abbondanza has been inserted in the trial, in order to verify its behaviour in the case of an organic method of cultivation. Table 1 - Production indexes (*) of the tested varieties Variety name 1999 2000 2001 average ABBONDANZA 108 101 134 114 EUREKA 101 109 135 115 SERIO 113 104 108 108 CENTAURO 109 111 97 105 BOLERO 93 110 94 99 COLFIORITO 107 92 90 96 SAGITTARIO 86 99 101 95 ENESCO 91 101 87 93 MIETI 109 95 63 89 PANDAS 103 113 36 84 SIBILLA 87 98 73 86 VALLEROSA 95 86 67 83 SANGIACOMO 98 81 61 80 ETECHO 157 157 GUADALUPE 140 140 TREMIE 128 128 TIBET 124 124 GENIO 118 118 BILANCIA 109 109 SIRMIONE 78 78 Field average (t/ha) 3,39 2,75 2,11 2,65 (*) 100= field average YEAR Results From the analysis of mean results of the thirteen varieties common to the three years of trials, it’s evident that a progressive loss of yields over the years (graph 1), due mainly to the anomalous meteorological trend during the two last grain seasons, has taken place. 87 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Graph 1 - Average yield (t/ha) of the 13 varieties common to the three years of trials 1999 2000 2001 Graph 2 - Mean alveographic parameters (W and P/L) during the three years of trials w P/L 1999 2000 2001 PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
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DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
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THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
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NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
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PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
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5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
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Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
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BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
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Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
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Page 43 and 44: POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
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Page 83 and 84: Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
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Page 123 and 124: 25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICA
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Page 129 and 130: Results and Discussion S. carpocaps
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Several colonies of Lepidopteran, C
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PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory
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M. Scribano research work was suppo
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Nematode isolate % Mortality 3 100
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In our trial organic wheat showed a
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per "strippare" i vapori nitrosi re
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L’ultima parte della ricerca è s
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33 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BACTERICID
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Vengono qui riportati i risultati d
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while for dinocap is 10 pg/µL. For
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[Pb](ng/ml) Figure 1: Pb content of
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