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Tab. 1 Treatments Average Earthworm mortality at 7 days 130 Average Earthworm mortality at 14 days Steinernema feltiae UK 6,67 % 6,67 % S. kraussei N0093 20,00 % 20,00 % Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NJ 0,00 % 0,00 % Control 33,33 % 33,33 % Mortality of the Insect Tenebrio molitor and the non-insects Millipedes and Scorpions challenged with entomopathogenic nematodes (see Tab. 2) revealed as follows: the effect of nematodes is not different from the control in Millipedes (P=0,66) and in Scorpions (P=1) Tab. 2 Treatments Tenebrio molitor larvae (insects) mortality Millipedes (non-insects) mortality Scorpions (non-insects) mortality S. kraussei N0093 73,33 % 0,00 % 0,00 % H. bacteriophora NJ 86,67 % 0,00 % 0,00 % S. sp. N0166 73,33 % 0,00% 0,00 % S. sp. N0167 93,33 % 0,00 % 0,00 % S. sp. N0168 40,00 % 0,00 % 0,00 % H. sp. N0169 6,67 % 11,11 % 0,00 % H. sp. N0170 96,67 % 11,11 % 0,00 % Control 0,00 % 11,11 % 0,00 % Conclusions and Discussion Unlike other microbial pesticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, viruses and fungi, entomopathogenic nematodes are exempt from registration in the USA and other countries.Currently, all available evidence (bibliography) indicates that beneficial nematodes and their associated bacteria have no negative impact on nontarget organisms in the agrarian environment (Akhurst 1990; Georgis et al., 1991). Entomopathogenic nematodes have the ability to discriminate among suitable and not suitable different potential hosts. Recent experiments (see above), demonstrated that while different strains of entomopathogenic nematodes were lethal to insect larvae (Tenebrio molitor), did not infect non-target organisms such as Heartworms, Scorpions and Millipedes. In conclusion entomopathogenic nematodes are safe to humans and to non-target organisms, non-polluting and thus environmentally safe and acceptable. Acknowledgment This research was partially founded by MURST grant Cluster C06-07 L. 488-92 References: Akhurst, R.J. 1990. Safety to nontarget invertebrates of nematodes of economically important pests. In: Laird et al., pp. 233-240. Georgis, R., Kaya, H.K. and Gaugler, R. 1991. Effect of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae: Heterorhabditidae) on nontarget arthropods. Environ. Entomol. 20(3) : 815-822. Lewis E.E., Ricci M. and Gaugler R., 1996. Host recognition behaviour predicts host suitability in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Parasitology (1996) 113- 6, 573-581 Poinar Jr, G.O., 1990. Taxonomy and Biology of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae . In: (Eds. R. Gaugler and H.K. Kaya) Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control, pp. 23-60. CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S.A. Ricci M., Lewis E.E. and Gaugler R., 1994. Host discrimination by Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All strain; at Debrecen, Hungary: Cost 819 Symposium & Workshop on Entomopathogenic Nematodes. In: C.T. Griffin, R.L. Gwynn & J.P. Masson (Eds.) COST 819, Biotechnology, Ecology and transmission strategies of PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint
entompathogenic nematodes. CSC-EC EAEC, Brussels, Luxembourg. p. 105 Smart Jr., G.C., 1995. Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Biological control of Insects . Supplement to the J. of Nematology (27), 529-534. Wayne, L.G., Brenner, D.J., Colwell, R.R., Grimont, P.A.D., Kandler, O., Krichevsky, M.I., Moore, L.H., Moore, W.E.C., Murray, R.G.E., Stackebrandt, E., Starr, M.P. and Truper, H.G., 1987. Report on the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics . Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 37, 463. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 131
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
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DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
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THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
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NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
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PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
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5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
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Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
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BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
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Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
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It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
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Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
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PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
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I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
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POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
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31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
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1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
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2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
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Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
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5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
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Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
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californicus (fitoseide predatore)
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7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
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8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
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Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
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9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
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(mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
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10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
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% cumulative hatch 40 35 30 25 20 1
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ROTENONE Il principio attivo è est
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- azadiractina nei confronti di F.
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Recovery and repeatabilty tests wer
Page 79 and 80: 13 IMPIEGO DEL TIMOLO NEL CONTROLLO
Page 81 and 82: dello standard esterno. E’ stata
Page 83 and 84: Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
Page 85 and 86: phytotoxicity index (%) Results In
Page 87 and 88: 15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUC
Page 89 and 90: 16 IL CONTROLLO DELLA “ MOSCA DEL
Page 91 and 92: Nel primo anno si può notare un an
Page 93 and 94: 17 Il contenimento della ticchiolat
Page 95 and 96: Obtained recoveries percent were: 8
Page 97 and 98: [Pb] (ng/g) 250,00 200,00 150,00 10
Page 99 and 100: Supelco Supelclean LC-18 SPE tubes
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Page 103 and 104: Tab. 3 Flavonol content (µg/ml) in
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Page 111 and 112: 21 CONTAMINAZIONE DA MICOTOSSINE IN
Page 113 and 114: Ricerca: Aflatossine B1 B1+B2+G1+G2
Page 115 and 116: Campioni non Conformi 3,4 % B1 Camp
Page 117 and 118: 22 PEPTIDATI DI RAME: PRODOTTI INNO
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Page 123 and 124: 25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICA
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Page 129: Results and Discussion S. carpocaps
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Page 155 and 156: while for dinocap is 10 pg/µL. For
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