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31 PROTEIN CONTENT AND MYCOTOXINS CONTAMINATION IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL WHEAT Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbieri G. and Rossi F. Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Facoltà di Agraria, Piacenza. Introduction The importance of organic farming in terms of foods production and consumer confidence is increasing. Numerous reports show as a growing number of people believe that organic foods are healthier than conventional ones, particularly for the absence of pesticide residue in organic foods. However cereals from organic production were sometimes found to have higher mycotoxins content than conventionally produced foods, probably because if synthetic pesticide are not used there is a lower crop protection towards parasite fungi. However due to some inconsistent results, a clear trend could not be identified. In respect of the proteins content, a trend to lower values in organically produced cereals was observed. Aim of this work was to verify the content of ocratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes, ergosterol and crude protein in organic and conventional wheat produced in the area of Piacenza (North Italy). Materials and methods Thirty-five samples of wheat (20 organic and 15 conventional) were collected during storage and analyzed for theirs mycotoxins contamination and crude protein content. OTA was extracted with a mixture of CH3OH:3% NaHCO3 water solution(50:50) and purified using an immunoaffinity column (Ochraprep). OTA was determined by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection (λecc=333 nm e λem=470 nm); a Select-B RP-8 column, 125x4mm (Merck), was employed at room temperature with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:acidified water (2% CH3COOH)(41:59) at 1.2 ml/min. The detection limit was 0.010 µg/kg. Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3 and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON and 15-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), HT-2 and T-2 were determined. These trichothecenes were extracted with acetonitrile:water (84:16) for 90 minutes and an aliquot (6 ml) of the filtered extract was purified by Mycosep 227 column (Romer Labs). The final extract was derivatised with N-trimethylsilylimidazole and analysed by GC-MS using an ion trap detector. Trichothecenes were separated with a RTX-5 capillary column, 30mx0.25mm i.d. (Restek), and quantified by the selected ion monitoring technique; the detection limit was 2 µg/kg. Ergosterol analysis was performed according to AFNOR (Norme Francaise, 1991). After extraction with KOH alcoholic solution, an aliquot (20 ml) of the filtered extract was purified by Extrelut column (Merck). Ergosterol was determined by HPLC with UV detection (λ=280 nm); a Superspher Si 60 125x4 mm column (Merck) was employed with a mobile phase of n-hexane:isoamyl alcohol=98:2 at 1.0 ml/min. Detection limit was 0.4 mg/kg. The N content was determined using the Kjeldahl technique. Statistical analysis of data was performed with the statistical package SAS, using the PROC UNIVARIATE to verify the normality of data distribution and PROC GLM and PROC NPAR1WAY for analysis of variance. Results The analyzed samples had a low contamination of mycotoxins, OTA levels were always lower than legal threshold of 3 µg/kg and no significant differences were observed between the two types of wheat. The 45% of organic samples were contaminated by OTA against a 40% in conventional wheat, however the most contaminated sample (0.53 µg/kg) was found in conventional cereals. The only detected trichothecene was DON, confirming the hypothesis that it is the most widespread in cereals. Only 25% of organic wheat showed a DON contamination (max value = 17.1 µg/kg) while all conventional samples were contaminated (max value =219.1 µg/kg). The DON content of organically produced wheat was significant lower than conventionally grown one (2.85 µg/kg vs 99.67 µg/kg; P
In our trial organic wheat showed a lower mycotoxins contamination than conventional wheat, on the other hand the adoption of organic production system leads to a reduction in crude protein content. Further studies are required in order to clarify the effect of organic cultivation system on nutritive value and content of antinutritional factor in wheat. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 145
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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LOZZIA G.C., RIGAMONTI I.E., 1994 -
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DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
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THE FUNGAL PHYTOTOXINS AND THEIR PO
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NEED FOR RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE A
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PRESENCE OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXPERIMEN
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5. Hohler, D. (1998). Ochratoxin A
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Table 3: Pesticide treatments on
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BIOPESTICIDES: EVALUATION PROCESS F
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Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus s
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It can be reproduced in vivo at 15
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Vinson, S. B., 1975, Biochemical co
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PROTECTION OF GRAPEVINE FROM POWDER
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I MEZZI TECNICI PER L'AGRICOLTURA B
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POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
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31. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Barbier
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1 PROVE DI LOTTA ALL’OIDIO DELLO
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2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
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Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
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5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
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Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
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californicus (fitoseide predatore)
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7 NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTROL
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8 METHODS FOR EVALUATION, IN CONTRO
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Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
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9 IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES AN
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(mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) 140 120 100 80
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10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS
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% cumulative hatch 40 35 30 25 20 1
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ROTENONE Il principio attivo è est
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- azadiractina nei confronti di F.
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Recovery and repeatabilty tests wer
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13 IMPIEGO DEL TIMOLO NEL CONTROLLO
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dello standard esterno. E’ stata
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Tab. III - Residui di timolo(mg/Kg)
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phytotoxicity index (%) Results In
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15 ORGANIC WHEAT QUALITY AND PRODUC
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16 IL CONTROLLO DELLA “ MOSCA DEL
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Nel primo anno si può notare un an
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