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humification parameters recorded in the other plots (R.S.-, EOPC-, FOPC-treated). Probably, the incorporation into the soil of OMW (raw or composted) determines an improvement of soil o.m. transformations. Moreover it is necessary to continue experimental research to verify when OMW and traditional nematicide effects are evident and eventually different on soil fertility dynamics. Work carried out in the frame-work of the O.P. CNR-MURST, Law 95/95, National Research Program: “Reflui Agro- Industriali – Sottoprogetto Reflui Oleari”. REFERENCES Bonari E. e L. Ceccarini, 1993. Sugli effetti dello spargimento delle acque di vegetazione sul terreno agrario: risultati di una ricerca sperimentale. Genio Rurale, 5: pp.60-67 Coolen W. A., 1979. Methods for the extraction of Meloidogyne spp. and other nematodes from roots and soil. In: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) Systematics, Biology and Control. (F. Lamberti and C.E. Taylor Eds), Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 317-329. D’Addabbo T. and N. Sasanelli, 1996. Effect of olive pomace soil amendment on Meloidogyne incognita. Nematologia mediterranea, 24, pp. 91-94. Di Vito M., F. Lamberti e A. Carella. 1979. La resistenza del pomodoro nei confronti dei nematodi galligeni: prospettive e possibilità. Rivista di Agronomia 13: pp. 313-322. Ferri, D., G. Convertini, F. Montemurro e C. Vitti, 2001. Evoluzione di alcune proprietà chimiche di terreni pugliesi ammendati con reflui oleari. Atti Giornata di Studio “ Prospettive di utilizzzione agronomica dei reflui oleari” ( Bari, 14 febbraio). MIRAAF, 1994. Metodi ufficiali di analisi chimica del suolo. Ocio J.A., P.C. Brookes and D.S. Jenkinson, 1991. Field incorporation of straw and its effects on soil microbial biomass and soil inorganic N. Soil Biol. Biochem. 23: pp.171-176. Pagliai M., 1996. Effetti della somministrazione di acque reflue di frantoi oleari sulle caratteristiche fisiche del suolo. Atti Convegno Int. su “Trattamento e riciclaggio in agricoltura dei sottoprodotti dell’industria olearia”. Lecce, 8-9 marzo. Ranalli A. and G. De Mattia. 1996. Role of piloted biological processes in the purification of oil mill waste water. Riv. Ital. Sost. Grasse, LXXIII: pp.61-66. Rodriguez-Kabana R., V. Estaun, R.J. Pinochet and O. Marfa’, 1995. Mixtures of olive pomace with different nitrogen sources for the control of Meloidogyne spp. on tomato. Journal of Nematology, 27 (4S), pp. 575 -584. Sasanelli N. 1994. Tables of Nematode-Pathogenicity. Nematologia mediterranea, 22: p.153-157. Sasanelli N., T. D’Addabbo, G. Convertini and D. Ferri, 2002. Soil Phytoparasitic Nematodes Suppression and Changes of Chemical Properties Determined by Waste Residues from Olive Oil Extraction. Proceedings of 12 th ISCO Conference, May 26-31, 2002 Beijing China. Vol. III: pp. 588-592. Sequi, P., M. De Nobili, L. Leita and G. Cercignani, 1986. A new index of humification. Agrochimica, 30: pp.175 – 179 PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 68
10 NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM RUE (RUTA GRAVEOLENS L.) T. D’Addabbo and N. Sasanelli Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante- Cnr, Sezione di Bari Via G. Amendola 165/A – 70126 Bari. Italy E-mail: nematd12@area.ba.cnr.it Summary. The effect of leaf and root aqueous crude extracts and of root leachates of R. graveolens on the root-knot nematodes Meloidogine arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica, and on the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii was investigated in a in vitro experiment. Aqueous extracts were prepared by soaking green leaves or roots in distilled water and root leachates were collected by drenching the rue cultivated soil with excess tap water. Egg masses of each Meloidogyne species and cysts of H. schachtii were incubated in the test solutions over a four weeks period. Immersion in rue extracts significantly suppressed juvenile emergence from the egg masses of all the four Meloidogyne species and from cysts of H. schachtii. Leaf extract was always more effective than root extract for Meloidogyne species, whereas no difference resulted in H. schachtii. No synergic effect derived from the combination of the two extracts. No significant emergence reduction resulted from the immersion in rue root leachates for any of the tested nematode species. INTRODUCTION Several plants are reported to minimize nematode damage in vegetable and field crops by producing nematicidal (killing) and nematistatic (suppressive) organic compounds. These natural compounds can be released from the roots of living plants or by plant tissues incorporated into the soil as a green manure (Grainge and Ahmed, 1988). The biocidal effect of extracts from rue (Ruta graveolens L.) was previously reported on insects, fungi and weeds (Aliotta et al., 1994; 1999; Oliva et al., 1999), but few information is available on the effect on phytoparasitic nematodes. Therefore an experiment was undertaken to investigate the in vitro effect of leaf and root aqueous extracts and of root leachates of R. graveolens on four different species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogine arenaria (Neal) Chitw., M. hapla Chitw., M. incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw.and M. javanica (Treub) Chitw. and on the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extracts of rue were prepared by soaking 100 g green leaves or roots, or 50 g when in combination, in 400 ml distilled water for 24 hrs. Tissues were then macerated in a blender and the suspension filtered through filter paper. Root leachates were collected from three month old plants, cultivated in fifteen 2,500 cm 3 clay pots, by drenching the soil with excess tap water. The leachates were then centrifuged at 1,300 g for 30 min, stored in plastic bottles, and kept in a freezer until required. In the experiment on H. schachtii each plant extract or root leachate was adjusted to 3 mM adding an equal volume of 6 mM of zinc sulphate (Clarke and Shepherd, 1966). The four Meloidogyne populations were reared on tomato cv. Roma in a glasshouse at 20-25 °C, whereas H. schachtii was collected from an infested field at Avezzano (L’Aquila). Batches of twenty egg masses (averaging 20,000 eggs per mass) of each Meloidogyne species or 100 cysts of H. schachtii (123 egg/cyst) were placed on 2 cm diam sieves (215 µm aperture) and each sieve in a 3.5 cm diam Petri dish. Three ml of each test solution, were then added to four batches of egg masses or cysts. Distilled water (for Meloidogyne species) or 3 mM zinc sulphate solution (for H. schachtii) and a 5 µg/ml aqueous solution of fenamiphos were used as controls. The dishes were arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replicates of each treatment: egg masses of Meloidogyne species were incubated at 25 °C, whereas the cysts of H. schachtii were mantained at 20 °C. Emerging juveniles were removed and counted at weekly intervals, renewing the hatching solutions at the same time, over a nine or ten weeks period, respectively for Meloidogyne species and H. schachtii. Egg masses and cysts were removed from the test solutions after the first four weeks and the incubation continued in distilled water or, for cysts of H. schachtii, in the zinc sulphate aqueous solution. At the end of the experiment the egg masses were immersed in a 1% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution (Hussey and Barker, 1973), whereas the cysts were crushed, according to Seinhorst and Den Ouden (1966). Unhatched eggs from egg masses and cysts were then counted. Numbers of juveniles emerging weekly were expressed as cumulative percent of the total initial population. Data were statistically analysed and compared by LSD’s test. PDF creato con FinePrint pdfFactory versione dimostrativa http://www.secom.re.it/fineprint 69
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International Congress BIOLOGICAL P
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15:40-16:20 G. Lozzia Università d
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MAIN SPEAKERS • V. Rotondo FIAO,
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Il settore oggi è regolamentato in
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target botanical synthetic sodium c
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RELIABILITY AND PROSPECTIVES FOR TH
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Vineyard Passive diffusion Spontane
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of the host, a relatively limited n
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Page 19 and 20: DIFESA DELLE COLTURE DAI PATOGENI F
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Page 43 and 44: POSTER 1. Agosteo G.E., Ambrosio M.
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Page 49 and 50: 2 LUPINUS ALBUS, AN ANCIENT EUROPEA
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e
Page 53 and 54: 5 INSETTICIDI D’ORIGINE VEGETALE
Page 55 and 56: Tabella 2. Piretrine: composizione
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Page 63 and 64: Figure 3. Effect of Pseudomonas sp.
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23 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC VIRG
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25 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICA
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Fig. 1 - Effects of Biological Cont
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26 IL CONTROLLO DELLE OPERAZIONI DI
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Results and Discussion S. carpocaps
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entompathogenic nematodes. CSC-EC E
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After this preliminary screening an
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FIGURE 3. Insecticidal activity of
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Several colonies of Lepidopteran, C
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M. Scribano research work was suppo
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Nematode isolate % Mortality 3 100
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In our trial organic wheat showed a
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per "strippare" i vapori nitrosi re
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L’ultima parte della ricerca è s
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33 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BACTERICID
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Vengono qui riportati i risultati d
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while for dinocap is 10 pg/µL. For
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[Pb](ng/ml) Figure 1: Pb content of
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