AFI 11-2C-130v3 - BITS

AFI11-2C-130V3 23 APRIL 2012 145
Chapter 11
NAVIGATION PROCEDURES
11.1. General. This chapter establishes procedures and requirements for worldwide enroute C-
130 navigation. It is to be used in conjunction with procedures and requirements set forth in AFI
11-202V3, AFI 11-217, and FLIP. Since airspace and associated navigational aid equipment
capability are rapidly evolving, aircrews must maintain an in depth knowledge of current
requirements/policies.
11.1.1. Prolonged Loss of Contact. Aircrews must ensure they are following proper
navigation crosscheck procedures to maintain airspace situational awareness.
11.1.1.1. Aircrews will use navigation charts to identify radio frequency changeover
points to minimize the likelihood of prolonged loss of communication with ATC/radio
operators. Additionally, crews must monitor both VHF and UHF Guard to the maximum
extent possible.
11.1.1.2. In the event of known or suspected loss of two-way radio capability, follow the
communications failure procedures published in the FIH.
11.1.1.3. In cases of suspected loss of contact with ATC, attempt to reestablish contact
using other aircraft to relay messages to ATC controllers.
11.2. Operations in International/Territorial Airspace. (See FLIP, GP, DOD 4500.45G
FCG, and AP, for further guidance). US Military aircraft and DOD personnel entering another
nation to conduct US government business must have the approval of the foreign government
concerned to enter their airspace. Foreign clearances for US international air operations are
obtained through US officials known as Defense Attache Officers (DAO).
11.2.1. There are essentially two types of airspace: international airspace and territorial
airspace. International airspace includes all airspace seaward of coastal states' territorial seas.
Military aircraft operate in such areas free of interference or control by the coastal state.
Territorial airspace includes airspace above territorial seas, archipelagic waters, inland
waters, and land territory, and is sovereign airspace. Overflight may be conducted in such
areas only with the consent of the sovereign country.
11.2.2. Consistent with international law, the US recognizes sea claims up to 12NMs.
Diplomatic constraints and/or a lack of diplomatic clearances usually result in missions
operating in international airspace. Therefore, sufficient information must be provided far
enough in advance to allow compliance with DOD 4500.45G FCG requirements established
by the countries concerned. The US does not normally recognize territorial claims beyond
12NMs; however, specific guidance from certain US authorities may establish limits, which
differ from the standard.
11.2.3. Flight Information Region (FIR). A FIR is an area of airspace within which flight
information and related services are provided. An FIR does not reflect international borders
or sovereign airspace. Aircraft may operate within an established FIR without approval of
the adjacent country, provided the PIC avoids flight in territorial airspace.