SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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6 Survey Results 98 Table 25. Market accessibility in the Eastern and Northern regions of Sierra Leone higher proportion of the households interviewed in the Eastern region report to live in villages with a market (32% and 1% in the Northern region).Roads and markets are consequently underdeveloped in both regions for different reasons. Within this context of restricted mobility it is noted that project officers of the different aid programmes were also located far from the smallholders surveyed in both regions, with the distance much higher in the Eastern region than in the Northern region (33 miles vs. 13.8 miles). Concerning communication infrastructure, the results (Table 26) show no existence of post or land line facilities but some presence of mobile phone in the East (15%), and around a quarter (26%) in the North. Coverage in the Northern region is much better compared to the East with mobile phones having apparently leapfrogged landline technology. Eastern region Northern region Distance between plots (average over positive distances) 0.8 mi. 0.9 mi. (% of hh with no distance) 9% 38% Distance from village to road (average over positive distances) 2.8 mi. 5.0 mi. (% of hh with no distance) 61% 82% Distance to usual market (average over positive distances) 10.4 mi. 6,8 mi. (% of hh with no distance) 32% 1% Distance to project officers (average over positive distances) 33.0 mi. 13,8 mi. (% of hh with no distance) 5% 6% % of hh with seasonally roads 29% 6% Frequency of commercial vehicles % of hh with difficult market access 49% 51% Table 26. Communication in the Eastern and Northern regions of Sierra Leone Eastern region Northern region Post office facilities 0% 0% Land line infrastructure 0% 0% Mobile phone coverage 37% 91% Mobile phone ownership 15% 26% 6.1.6 Community leadership and social participation In order to attain a deeper understanding of social structures, data was collected concerning the role of farmers in their communities and the perceived benefits from holding certain positions and memberships (Figure 34). Figure 35 presents membership to farmer associations and groups to which the respondents belong to. In the Northern region almost 90% of the farmers belong to some kind of farmers groups or NGO formations, while in the Eastern region 90% of the farmers belong to Cocoa and/ or Coffee Farmers Cooperative. Concerning the position held in a farmer organisation, 60% of the respondents are ordinary members, while some 30% have
Figure 34. Local participation in the community by the respondent in the Eastern and Northern regions of Sierra Leone Figure 35. Membership of farmer associations or groups in the Eastern and Northern regions of Sierra Leone executive positions, including president (Figure 36). The perceived benefits from this membership are ranked for the Eastern and Northern regions separately (Figure 37 and Figure 38). In the Eastern region, access to specialised knowledge (for both marketing and processing) as well as access to markets is perceived as the key benefits from joining a farmer organisation. This is congruent to the needs of cocoa and coffee producers. In the Northern region access to seeds and tools are the most perceived benefits, thus reflecting the particular production challenges of staple producers. These results could partially be explained in terms of particular production process necessities which are different between rice and coffee or cocoa growers. In the Northern districts, farmers aim at securing input access and increasing their productivity and overall output while in the East, farmers are highly concerned with guaranteeing cash crop output is marketed and sold at sufficiently high prices for which Rural poverty reduction and food security: The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone 99
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Rural poverty reduction and food se
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2
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7 Conclusions 157 7.1 Surveyed Smal
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Table 31. Different output values a
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Figure 34. Local participation in t
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Figure 96. Change in income as a re
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Executive Summary Agriculture is es
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attention needs to be paid to the i
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1 Introduction 18 Box 1: Food Secur
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2 Description of the Context in Sie
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Figure 2. Structure of the populati
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Diseases such as malaria and tuberc
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to energy supplies 8 , a low-skille
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Figure 4. Composition of exports fr
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3 The Agricultural Sector 32 agrari
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3 The Agricultural Sector 34 Figure
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3 The Agricultural Sector 38 3.1.2
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3 The Agricultural Sector 40 scale
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3 The Agricultural Sector 42 absorb
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3 The Agricultural Sector 46 availa
Page 50 and 51: 3 The Agricultural Sector 48 and in
Page 52 and 53: 3 The Agricultural Sector 50 origin
Page 54 and 55: 3 The Agricultural Sector 52 The us
Page 56 and 57: 3 The Agricultural Sector 54 crops
Page 58 and 59: 3 The Agricultural Sector 56 • Se
Page 60 and 61: 3 The Agricultural Sector 58 severe
Page 62 and 63: 3 The Agricultural Sector 60 Figure
Page 64 and 65: 3 The Agricultural Sector 62 Table
Page 66 and 67: 3 The Agricultural Sector 64 Table
Page 68 and 69: 3 The Agricultural Sector 66 post-h
Page 70 and 71: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 72 and 73: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 75 and 76: 5 Survey Methodology In this sectio
Page 77 and 78: sampling techniques were employed t
Page 79 and 80: up an agrarian system. The househol
Page 81 and 82: Farm Net Income per working unit: D
Page 83 and 84: price, which is higher than the mar
Page 85 and 86: stock or exchanges at the village l
Page 87 and 88: = 0.72) for non-food requirements.
Page 89 and 90: 6 Survey Results This section addre
Page 91 and 92: 6.1.2 Main activities and income so
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24. Average acreage under cu
Page 95 and 96: Table 24. Resources of smallholders
Page 97 and 98: Figure 30. Total acre per household
Page 99: harvesting period (Sesay et al., 20
Page 103 and 104: improved management strategies at p
Page 105 and 106: Figure 41. Crop mix categories in t
Page 107 and 108: when analysing the smallholder viab
Page 109 and 110: Table 27. Economic results of the s
Page 111 and 112: Table 29. Economic results of the s
Page 113 and 114: Figure 47. Farm Net Income for an a
Page 115 and 116: hired labour costs for self-subsist
Page 117 and 118: Figure 52. Output value of rice per
Page 119 and 120: Figure 57. Distribution of tree cro
Page 121 and 122: Figure 60. Farm viability of smallh
Page 123 and 124: Figure 63. Farm viability per farm
Page 125 and 126: Table 32. Percentage of farms per r
Page 127 and 128: Figure 69. Poverty level per farm t
Page 129 and 130: Figure 72. Cocoa and coffee output
Page 131 and 132: Figure 76. Total labour productivit
Page 133 and 134: Figure 80. Labour productivity per
Page 135 and 136: Figure 83. Labour productivity per
Page 137 and 138: 6.4 Evaluation of the influence of
Page 139 and 140: Table 33. Evaluation Matrix for Sup
Page 141 and 142: Figure 87. Adequacy of support prov
Page 143 and 144: Figure 91. Adequacy of support prov
Page 145 and 146: Figure 95. Change in income as a re
Page 147 and 148: Figure 97. Impact of support on dif
Page 149 and 150: Figure 100. Expected sustainability
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Figure 103. Average farm net income
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Figure 107. Cultivated area of non-
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Figure 111. Revelance of income sou
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Figure 115. Number of tractors hire
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7 Conclusions 158 Table 34. Basic C
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7 Conclusions 160 Under the Peasant
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7 Conclusions 162 In the Eastern di
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7 Conclusions 164 may actually bene
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7 Conclusions 166 determining the d
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8 References 168 Crowley, E.L. (199
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8 References 170 GoSL and EC Govern
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8 References 172 Moreau P., F. Mabo
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8 References 174 van Wesenbeeck C.F
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9 Appendices 176 HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAP
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9 Appendices 178 COMMUNITY LEADERSH
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9 Appendices 180 Planting materials
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9 Appendices 182 Could you explain
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9 Appendices 184 Externality Please
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9 Appendices 186 Infrastructure/com
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9 Appendices 188 LABOUR INPUT- FOOD
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9 Appendices 190 OTHER INPUTS QUANT
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9 Appendices 192 YIELD LOSSES Now w
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9 Appendices 194 Figure: % of farms
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9 Appendices 196 Figure: Average fa
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9 Appendices 198 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 200 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 202
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SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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