SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa
SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa
SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa
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3 The Agricultural Sector<br />
38<br />
3.1.2 Livestock, Fishery and Forestry<br />
Livestock<br />
Almost 90% of Sierra Leone’s cattle are<br />
in the Northern region and owned by the<br />
Fula or Fulani ethnic group who represent<br />
about 5% of the country’s population. All<br />
the ruminants are indigenous populations of<br />
well adapted trypano-tolerant animals 17 . Birth<br />
rates are low (45%), mortality is high and off<br />
take is only 7%, due mainly to deficiencies<br />
and uncontrolled parasites and diseases. In<br />
comparison to the rest of countries in the<br />
Western African sub-region, Sierra Leone has<br />
relatively a small number of livestock heads<br />
(Table 6, Figure 12).<br />
Open grazing is generally practiced with cattle<br />
driven away in search of fresh fields by herd boys<br />
during the day and kept in wooden fence enclosures<br />
during the night. During the dry season when fresh<br />
grass is scarce, cattle are let loose for about three<br />
to four months until the rains commence and fresh<br />
grass is again abundant, then they are gathered and<br />
controlled. There is high risk of crop damage by<br />
cows during the dry season often causing conflicts<br />
among families in the villages. Cows are milked by<br />
Table 6. Livestock (heads) per major category in selected countries of Western Africa (2008)<br />
COUNTRY CATTLE GOATS PIGS SHEEP<br />
TOTAL (Sheep<br />
Equivalent)<br />
BENIN 1905000 1472250 341000 792750 17846000<br />
CAMEROON 6000000 4400000 1350000 3800000 57550000<br />
C AFRICAN REP 3950000 4069000 800000 294000 36763000<br />
CONGO 115000 295000 68712 100000 1383712<br />
DEM REP CONGO 752630 4046100 965130 902270 11934540<br />
GABON 36500 92000 215000 196000 795000<br />
GAMBIA 432000 380000 27000 209500 4072500<br />
GHANA 1438000 4625000 521000 3642000 20292000<br />
GUINEA 4408956 1696087 86431 1418886 38473052<br />
GUINEA BISSAU 599200 392700 401300 388750 5976350<br />
GUINEA EQ 5100 9100 6300 38000 94200<br />
IV COAST 1537750 1281680 320000 1631230 15534910<br />
LIBERIA 38500 285000 199500 241000 1033500<br />
NIGERIA 16293200 53800400 6908030 33874300 224928330<br />
SENEGAL 3207697 4470562 325747 5241352 35699237<br />
<strong>SIERRA</strong> <strong>LEONE</strong> 350000 540000 52000 470000 3862000<br />
TOGO 366350 1508100 582400 2001500 7022800<br />
Note: Buffaloes are not found in Western Africa. To compute the total in sheep equivalent terms the category of “cattle” was<br />
multiplied by 8 while the remaining were multiplied by 1, i.e. same conversion factors as those used by Coelli et al (2005).<br />
Source: FAOSTAT<br />
17 The predominant breed of cattle in the country is Ndama;<br />
Sheep breed is Djallonke and goats are West African Dwarf.