SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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6 Survey Results 88 Table 21. Average age composition of farming households in the Northern and Eastern regions of Sierra Leone. study this definition of the household is adopted in order to provide a base for the analysis, which represents a social and production unit. To understand the composition of the farm households, key demographic aspects are described by focusing on gender, age and education of the household members. The gender composition and number of household members for the sample average in the East and North are summarised in Figure 21. The graph shows that the average household is composed of roughly similar numbers of girls, boys, women and men (with slightly higher averages in the East relative to the North) adding up to a total household size of 11.7 members in the East and 10.4 members in the North. The average age of the household head and spouse and the average age composition of children by age category in the proportion of all children in the household are described in Table Northern region Eastern region Age of household head 47 51 Age of spouse 37 37 % of the number of children under 10 yrs 35 % 30 % % of the number of children between 10-18 yrs 27 % 34 % % of the number of dependants above 18 yrs 38 % 37 % Table 22. Educational composition of farming households in the Eastern and Northern regions of Sierra Leone Eastern region Northern region Education of head (average over heads with education) 8.3 yrs. 9.2 yrs. (% without any education) 67% 72% Education of spouse (average over spouses with education) 7.8 yrs. 7.0 yrs. (% without any education) 86% 89% % of children in school 62% 60% % of children not in school 38% 40% 21. On average, the age of the household head is 47 years old in the sample households of the North and 51 in the sample households of the East. Their spouses are 37 years old on average in both samples. The proportion of the children across different age categories is quite similar in both regions; however, the proportion of children under 10 years is slightly higher in the Northern region compared to the Eastern one. The average years of schooling of the household head and the number of children enrolled in both regions are presented in Table 22. A large majority of household heads in the sample have not received any formal education, while those who have received can account for 8-9 years of schooling. Absence of any schooling of the household heads is slightly more pronounced in the North than in the East, and more pronounced in women than in men. Concerning the education of the children, in both regions around 2/3rd of the children attend school and 1/3rd do not receive any education.
6.1.2 Main activities and income sources The main activity of the working household members and whether they were involved on full or part-time work basis is summarised in Table 23. The primary activity of all household heads and spouses in the sample is agriculture. In the Eastern region only 1%, of the household heads and spouses engage in secondary activities, whereas in the Table 23. Professional status of smallholders Primary activity of head Agriculture (% households) 100% Secondary activity of head Northern region, the proportion is higher at 7-8%. In the Northern region, the secondary activity of spouses is predominantly petty trading, whereas that of the household heads is a mix of petty trading, paid employment and self employed craftsmanship. The higher prevalence of secondary activities in the North in comparison to the East can explain the higher proportion of part-time household farm labour in the Northern region. Eastern region Northern region petty trading, paid employment, self employed craftsman (% households) 1% 7% Primary activity of spouse Agriculture (% households) 100% Secondary activity of spouse petty trading, paid employment, self employed craftsman (% households) 1% 8% No. of hh members in farming 5.7 5.1 (% part-time) 15% 25% petty trading Figure 22. Sources of income for smallholders in the Eastern and the Northern regions of Sierra Leone (% of farms). Rural poverty reduction and food security: The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone 89
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Rural poverty reduction and food se
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2
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7 Conclusions 157 7.1 Surveyed Smal
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Table 31. Different output values a
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Figure 34. Local participation in t
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Figure 96. Change in income as a re
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Executive Summary Agriculture is es
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attention needs to be paid to the i
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1 Introduction 18 Box 1: Food Secur
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2 Description of the Context in Sie
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Figure 2. Structure of the populati
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Diseases such as malaria and tuberc
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to energy supplies 8 , a low-skille
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Figure 4. Composition of exports fr
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3 The Agricultural Sector 32 agrari
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3 The Agricultural Sector 34 Figure
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3 The Agricultural Sector 36 Figure
Page 40 and 41: 3 The Agricultural Sector 38 3.1.2
Page 42 and 43: 3 The Agricultural Sector 40 scale
Page 44 and 45: 3 The Agricultural Sector 42 absorb
Page 46 and 47: 3 The Agricultural Sector 44 Figure
Page 48 and 49: 3 The Agricultural Sector 46 availa
Page 50 and 51: 3 The Agricultural Sector 48 and in
Page 52 and 53: 3 The Agricultural Sector 50 origin
Page 54 and 55: 3 The Agricultural Sector 52 The us
Page 56 and 57: 3 The Agricultural Sector 54 crops
Page 58 and 59: 3 The Agricultural Sector 56 • Se
Page 60 and 61: 3 The Agricultural Sector 58 severe
Page 62 and 63: 3 The Agricultural Sector 60 Figure
Page 64 and 65: 3 The Agricultural Sector 62 Table
Page 66 and 67: 3 The Agricultural Sector 64 Table
Page 68 and 69: 3 The Agricultural Sector 66 post-h
Page 70 and 71: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 72 and 73: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 75 and 76: 5 Survey Methodology In this sectio
Page 77 and 78: sampling techniques were employed t
Page 79 and 80: up an agrarian system. The househol
Page 81 and 82: Farm Net Income per working unit: D
Page 83 and 84: price, which is higher than the mar
Page 85 and 86: stock or exchanges at the village l
Page 87 and 88: = 0.72) for non-food requirements.
Page 89: 6 Survey Results This section addre
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24. Average acreage under cu
Page 95 and 96: Table 24. Resources of smallholders
Page 97 and 98: Figure 30. Total acre per household
Page 99 and 100: harvesting period (Sesay et al., 20
Page 101 and 102: Figure 34. Local participation in t
Page 103 and 104: improved management strategies at p
Page 105 and 106: Figure 41. Crop mix categories in t
Page 107 and 108: when analysing the smallholder viab
Page 109 and 110: Table 27. Economic results of the s
Page 111 and 112: Table 29. Economic results of the s
Page 113 and 114: Figure 47. Farm Net Income for an a
Page 115 and 116: hired labour costs for self-subsist
Page 117 and 118: Figure 52. Output value of rice per
Page 119 and 120: Figure 57. Distribution of tree cro
Page 121 and 122: Figure 60. Farm viability of smallh
Page 123 and 124: Figure 63. Farm viability per farm
Page 125 and 126: Table 32. Percentage of farms per r
Page 127 and 128: Figure 69. Poverty level per farm t
Page 129 and 130: Figure 72. Cocoa and coffee output
Page 131 and 132: Figure 76. Total labour productivit
Page 133 and 134: Figure 80. Labour productivity per
Page 135 and 136: Figure 83. Labour productivity per
Page 137 and 138: 6.4 Evaluation of the influence of
Page 139 and 140: Table 33. Evaluation Matrix for Sup
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Figure 87. Adequacy of support prov
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Figure 91. Adequacy of support prov
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Figure 95. Change in income as a re
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Figure 97. Impact of support on dif
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Figure 100. Expected sustainability
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Figure 103. Average farm net income
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Figure 107. Cultivated area of non-
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Figure 111. Revelance of income sou
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Figure 115. Number of tractors hire
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7 Conclusions 158 Table 34. Basic C
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7 Conclusions 160 Under the Peasant
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7 Conclusions 162 In the Eastern di
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7 Conclusions 164 may actually bene
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7 Conclusions 166 determining the d
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8 References 168 Crowley, E.L. (199
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8 References 170 GoSL and EC Govern
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8 References 172 Moreau P., F. Mabo
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8 References 174 van Wesenbeeck C.F
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9 Appendices 176 HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAP
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9 Appendices 178 COMMUNITY LEADERSH
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9 Appendices 180 Planting materials
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9 Appendices 182 Could you explain
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9 Appendices 184 Externality Please
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9 Appendices 186 Infrastructure/com
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9 Appendices 188 LABOUR INPUT- FOOD
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9 Appendices 190 OTHER INPUTS QUANT
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9 Appendices 192 YIELD LOSSES Now w
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9 Appendices 194 Figure: % of farms
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9 Appendices 196 Figure: Average fa
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9 Appendices 198 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 200 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 202
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SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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