SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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6 Survey Results 104 Figure 43. Percentage of farms cropping trees at district level Figure 44. Farm Types (Number, Percentage and Percentage of total surveyed area) According to this categorisation 8 farm types are distinguished (rice can be either upland or lowland) (Appendix III): - rice only (FT1) - rice & other food (FT2) - rice & other food & tree for subsistence (FT3) - rice & tree for subsistence (FT4) - other tree for subsistence farms (FT5) - rice & tree for cash (FT6) - rice & other food & tree for cash (FT7) - only cash tree farms (FT8). Figure 44 shows the number and the proportion of farms and farm area belonging to each farm type. Overall, the introduced farm typology highlights the differences between the subsistence (mainly rice) oriented Northern and the cash (coffee and cocoa) oriented Eastern district. This typology becomes particularly useful
when analysing the smallholder viability at farm and household level. Farm types also provide relevant synthetic information concerning crop production systems and production orientations. Agricultural income of smallholders In this section, average annual Farm Net Income (FNI) levels per region and district are described followed by a detailed examination of output values and variable costs. The smallholders in the Sierra Leone survey are only partially integrated into the cash economy of the country, and rely heavily on barter for their economic transactions. Consequently, a market only approach to evaluate the allocation process of smallholders’ resources in crop production might not be the most appropriate. Therefore it is necessary to address the specific constraints faced by smallholders in order to better assess farm household behaviour and strategic decisions. Accordingly, a more context-specific approach has been applied to calculate output value and input costs of the farm production data obtained from the survey. It has been already argued (in section 5) that FNI for the Sierra Leone survey could be calculated in two different ways: FNI relying on Neoclassical theory principles of complete markets (FNI-NA), and FNI based on the assumption that peasants are only partially integrated to a market economy and thus face incomplete markets (FNI-PF). The main differences between the two FNI calculations are based in the calculation of consumption and stocks values and in the way selected input costs are accounted for. This means that FNI-NA market values are assigned to inputs used regardless of whether an actual competitive market exists or not (i.e. seeds, hired labour and household labour are valued at market price). In the FNI-PF calculations are based on real costs which farm households faced given the underlying productive and input supply schemes in place at the village level. The results of these two FNI calculations (illustrated in Figure 45) are here commented and compared. For the overall analysis of smallholder performance in terms of farm viability, factor (labour/land) productivity and food security achieved through farming, average FNI and the main economic indicators of smallholder income measurement have been calculated at the following levels for all five surveyed districts: FNI per average farm household, per cultivated acre, per household working unit and total household Figure 45. Farm Net Income of Neoclassical and Peasant Farming Approach for an average smallholder per district (Leones/year) Rural poverty reduction and food security: The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone 105
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Rural poverty reduction and food se
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2
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7 Conclusions 157 7.1 Surveyed Smal
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Table 31. Different output values a
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Figure 34. Local participation in t
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Figure 96. Change in income as a re
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Executive Summary Agriculture is es
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attention needs to be paid to the i
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1 Introduction 18 Box 1: Food Secur
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2 Description of the Context in Sie
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Figure 2. Structure of the populati
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Diseases such as malaria and tuberc
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to energy supplies 8 , a low-skille
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Figure 4. Composition of exports fr
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3 The Agricultural Sector 32 agrari
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3 The Agricultural Sector 34 Figure
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3 The Agricultural Sector 38 3.1.2
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3 The Agricultural Sector 40 scale
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3 The Agricultural Sector 42 absorb
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3 The Agricultural Sector 46 availa
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3 The Agricultural Sector 48 and in
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3 The Agricultural Sector 50 origin
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3 The Agricultural Sector 52 The us
Page 56 and 57: 3 The Agricultural Sector 54 crops
Page 58 and 59: 3 The Agricultural Sector 56 • Se
Page 60 and 61: 3 The Agricultural Sector 58 severe
Page 62 and 63: 3 The Agricultural Sector 60 Figure
Page 64 and 65: 3 The Agricultural Sector 62 Table
Page 66 and 67: 3 The Agricultural Sector 64 Table
Page 68 and 69: 3 The Agricultural Sector 66 post-h
Page 70 and 71: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 72 and 73: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 75 and 76: 5 Survey Methodology In this sectio
Page 77 and 78: sampling techniques were employed t
Page 79 and 80: up an agrarian system. The househol
Page 81 and 82: Farm Net Income per working unit: D
Page 83 and 84: price, which is higher than the mar
Page 85 and 86: stock or exchanges at the village l
Page 87 and 88: = 0.72) for non-food requirements.
Page 89 and 90: 6 Survey Results This section addre
Page 91 and 92: 6.1.2 Main activities and income so
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24. Average acreage under cu
Page 95 and 96: Table 24. Resources of smallholders
Page 97 and 98: Figure 30. Total acre per household
Page 99 and 100: harvesting period (Sesay et al., 20
Page 101 and 102: Figure 34. Local participation in t
Page 103 and 104: improved management strategies at p
Page 105: Figure 41. Crop mix categories in t
Page 109 and 110: Table 27. Economic results of the s
Page 111 and 112: Table 29. Economic results of the s
Page 113 and 114: Figure 47. Farm Net Income for an a
Page 115 and 116: hired labour costs for self-subsist
Page 117 and 118: Figure 52. Output value of rice per
Page 119 and 120: Figure 57. Distribution of tree cro
Page 121 and 122: Figure 60. Farm viability of smallh
Page 123 and 124: Figure 63. Farm viability per farm
Page 125 and 126: Table 32. Percentage of farms per r
Page 127 and 128: Figure 69. Poverty level per farm t
Page 129 and 130: Figure 72. Cocoa and coffee output
Page 131 and 132: Figure 76. Total labour productivit
Page 133 and 134: Figure 80. Labour productivity per
Page 135 and 136: Figure 83. Labour productivity per
Page 137 and 138: 6.4 Evaluation of the influence of
Page 139 and 140: Table 33. Evaluation Matrix for Sup
Page 141 and 142: Figure 87. Adequacy of support prov
Page 143 and 144: Figure 91. Adequacy of support prov
Page 145 and 146: Figure 95. Change in income as a re
Page 147 and 148: Figure 97. Impact of support on dif
Page 149 and 150: Figure 100. Expected sustainability
Page 151 and 152: Figure 103. Average farm net income
Page 153 and 154: Figure 107. Cultivated area of non-
Page 155 and 156: Figure 111. Revelance of income sou
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Figure 115. Number of tractors hire
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7 Conclusions 158 Table 34. Basic C
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7 Conclusions 160 Under the Peasant
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7 Conclusions 162 In the Eastern di
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7 Conclusions 164 may actually bene
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7 Conclusions 166 determining the d
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8 References 168 Crowley, E.L. (199
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8 References 170 GoSL and EC Govern
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8 References 172 Moreau P., F. Mabo
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8 References 174 van Wesenbeeck C.F
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9 Appendices 176 HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAP
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9 Appendices 178 COMMUNITY LEADERSH
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9 Appendices 180 Planting materials
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9 Appendices 182 Could you explain
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9 Appendices 184 Externality Please
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9 Appendices 186 Infrastructure/com
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9 Appendices 188 LABOUR INPUT- FOOD
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9 Appendices 190 OTHER INPUTS QUANT
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9 Appendices 192 YIELD LOSSES Now w
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9 Appendices 194 Figure: % of farms
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9 Appendices 196 Figure: Average fa
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9 Appendices 198 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 200 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 202
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SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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