SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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6 Survey Results 116 profile in terms of food crop production allocation as the four remaining districts sell and consume similar shares of their production. Households in the Northern region, however, suffer roughly twice as much yield loss as households in the Eastern region, which weighs down on their household consumption and the levels of their agricultural stocks. Finally, households in Kailahun consume about double the consumption in the other districts. Tree crops Very little tree crop production has been observed in the Northern region and when present it is largely oil palm. The tree crops that are observed mainly in the surveyed Eastern districts are cocoa, coffee, oil palm, banana, orange, cola nut, other tree crops (Figure 55). Cocoa and coffee production make up the bulk of the tree crop production in the Eastern region. Regarding the allocation of tree crop production, Figure 56 and Figure 57 clearly indicate that tree crop production is primarily produced for market sales, with Kenema district households consuming and stocking roughly 8%, and Kailahun households consuming and stocking roughly 38%. In Kono district, households do not consume or stock any of the tree crop production, all tree crops are produced for cash. Figure 55. Output value of tree crop production per crop of and average smallholders by district (Leones/year) Figure 56. Distribution of tree crop production of an average smallholder by district (Leones/year)
Figure 57. Distribution of tree crop production of an average smallholder by district (%) Input Costs The cost side of crop production consists mainly of seeds, hired labour, tool and livestock purchase costs. The costs for renting the land constitute a very marginal part of the fixed costs on an average farm household, which is mainly paid in food or tree crop production instead of cash. In the Northern region, the survey results show that in Bombali 22% and in Tonkolili 13% of the smallholders are paying rent, and in the East only one farm was found in Kailahun with renting obligations. In general this suggests that in the Northern region some land rent needs to be taken into account, which average annually around 8000 Le/acre in Bombali and 13000 Le/acre in Tonkolili, respectively (about 0.01% of total input costs under VC-NT and 0.06% under VC-PF), paid from the harvest (e.g. in bushels of rice). As mentioned, there is a substantial difference in input cost calculation when using Figure 58. Variable costs of an average smallholder per district of the Neoclassical and Peasant Farming Approach (Leones/year) Rural poverty reduction and food security: The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone 117
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Rural poverty reduction and food se
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2
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7 Conclusions 157 7.1 Surveyed Smal
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Table 31. Different output values a
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Figure 34. Local participation in t
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Figure 96. Change in income as a re
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Executive Summary Agriculture is es
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attention needs to be paid to the i
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1 Introduction 18 Box 1: Food Secur
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2 Description of the Context in Sie
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Figure 2. Structure of the populati
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Diseases such as malaria and tuberc
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to energy supplies 8 , a low-skille
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Figure 4. Composition of exports fr
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3 The Agricultural Sector 32 agrari
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3 The Agricultural Sector 34 Figure
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3 The Agricultural Sector 38 3.1.2
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3 The Agricultural Sector 40 scale
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3 The Agricultural Sector 42 absorb
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3 The Agricultural Sector 46 availa
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3 The Agricultural Sector 48 and in
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3 The Agricultural Sector 50 origin
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3 The Agricultural Sector 52 The us
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3 The Agricultural Sector 54 crops
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3 The Agricultural Sector 56 • Se
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3 The Agricultural Sector 58 severe
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3 The Agricultural Sector 62 Table
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3 The Agricultural Sector 64 Table
Page 68 and 69: 3 The Agricultural Sector 66 post-h
Page 70 and 71: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 72 and 73: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 75 and 76: 5 Survey Methodology In this sectio
Page 77 and 78: sampling techniques were employed t
Page 79 and 80: up an agrarian system. The househol
Page 81 and 82: Farm Net Income per working unit: D
Page 83 and 84: price, which is higher than the mar
Page 85 and 86: stock or exchanges at the village l
Page 87 and 88: = 0.72) for non-food requirements.
Page 89 and 90: 6 Survey Results This section addre
Page 91 and 92: 6.1.2 Main activities and income so
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24. Average acreage under cu
Page 95 and 96: Table 24. Resources of smallholders
Page 97 and 98: Figure 30. Total acre per household
Page 99 and 100: harvesting period (Sesay et al., 20
Page 101 and 102: Figure 34. Local participation in t
Page 103 and 104: improved management strategies at p
Page 105 and 106: Figure 41. Crop mix categories in t
Page 107 and 108: when analysing the smallholder viab
Page 109 and 110: Table 27. Economic results of the s
Page 111 and 112: Table 29. Economic results of the s
Page 113 and 114: Figure 47. Farm Net Income for an a
Page 115 and 116: hired labour costs for self-subsist
Page 117: Figure 52. Output value of rice per
Page 121 and 122: Figure 60. Farm viability of smallh
Page 123 and 124: Figure 63. Farm viability per farm
Page 125 and 126: Table 32. Percentage of farms per r
Page 127 and 128: Figure 69. Poverty level per farm t
Page 129 and 130: Figure 72. Cocoa and coffee output
Page 131 and 132: Figure 76. Total labour productivit
Page 133 and 134: Figure 80. Labour productivity per
Page 135 and 136: Figure 83. Labour productivity per
Page 137 and 138: 6.4 Evaluation of the influence of
Page 139 and 140: Table 33. Evaluation Matrix for Sup
Page 141 and 142: Figure 87. Adequacy of support prov
Page 143 and 144: Figure 91. Adequacy of support prov
Page 145 and 146: Figure 95. Change in income as a re
Page 147 and 148: Figure 97. Impact of support on dif
Page 149 and 150: Figure 100. Expected sustainability
Page 151 and 152: Figure 103. Average farm net income
Page 153 and 154: Figure 107. Cultivated area of non-
Page 155 and 156: Figure 111. Revelance of income sou
Page 157: Figure 115. Number of tractors hire
Page 160 and 161: 7 Conclusions 158 Table 34. Basic C
Page 162 and 163: 7 Conclusions 160 Under the Peasant
Page 164 and 165: 7 Conclusions 162 In the Eastern di
Page 166 and 167: 7 Conclusions 164 may actually bene
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7 Conclusions 166 determining the d
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8 References 168 Crowley, E.L. (199
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8 References 170 GoSL and EC Govern
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8 References 172 Moreau P., F. Mabo
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8 References 174 van Wesenbeeck C.F
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9 Appendices 176 HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAP
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9 Appendices 178 COMMUNITY LEADERSH
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9 Appendices 180 Planting materials
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9 Appendices 182 Could you explain
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9 Appendices 184 Externality Please
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9 Appendices 186 Infrastructure/com
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9 Appendices 188 LABOUR INPUT- FOOD
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9 Appendices 190 OTHER INPUTS QUANT
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9 Appendices 192 YIELD LOSSES Now w
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9 Appendices 194 Figure: % of farms
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9 Appendices 196 Figure: Average fa
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9 Appendices 198 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 200 Labour productivit
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9 Appendices 202
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