SIERRA LEONE maq 4ª.indd - agrilife - Europa

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3 The Agricultural Sector 36 Figure 9. Sierra Leone export volume of tree crops in metric tons Source: MAFFS, 2008. Tree crop plantations in the Eastern region constitute the bulk of agricultural exports. Coffee and cocoa are the major tree crops, and are grown almost exclusively for export, while oil palm tree is mainly produced for local consumption. Other relevant exports include kola nut followed by rubber, cashew, orange and mango. The area under cultivation and the associated production of export tree crop are constantly increasing, particularly in the case of cocoa, which is actively supported by international development programs (Figure 9). Likewise, the agricultural sector is considered an important source of foreign exchange earnings. In 2005, the sector accounted for approximately 15% and 5% of imports and exports, respectively. 16 Figure 10 and Figure 11 describe top import and export goods, respectively. Among imports, milled rice constitutes the most important in terms of value. In a distant second position, cattle, prepared food, cigarettes and refined sugar are found. Regarding 16 Government of Sierra Leone (2008): Annual statistical digests 2005/2006 exports, cocoa beans occupy an undisputed first position, followed by coffee. The total value of agricultural exports was 13.67 million US$ in 2007 (PRSP II, 2009), of which cocoa is accounted for by 85% (MAFFS, 2009a). Production is expected to increase considerably following full rehabilitation of cocoa and coffee plantations, and the introduction of more efficient processing methods resulting in the potential for improved product quality and hence better earnings on the world market (NSADP, 2009). So far, export earnings from coffee increased by 268% from 2005 to 2007, with export earnings from cocoa increased by 101% over the same period (PRSP II, 2009). This sustained increase in coffee exports can be attributed to favourable world market prices (PRSP II, 2009) associated with recent government efforts in conjunction with international agency support, e.g. the USTP initiative which have resulted in the recovery of the export crop sub-sector, in particular due to increased production levels and better quality control measures (Action Aid International Sierra Leone, 2009).
Figure 10. Top imports – Sierra Leone – 2007 F = FAO estimates, Fc = calculated data and R = Estimated data using trading partners database. Source: FAOSTAT (accessed on 04/05/09). Figure 11. Top exports – Sierra Leone – 2007 Source: FAOSTAT (accessed on 25/06/10). Rural poverty reduction and food security: The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone 37
Page 3 and 4: Rural poverty reduction and food se
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2
Page 7 and 8: 7 Conclusions 157 7.1 Surveyed Smal
Page 9 and 10: Table 31. Different output values a
Page 11 and 12: Figure 34. Local participation in t
Page 13 and 14: Figure 96. Change in income as a re
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Agriculture is es
Page 17: attention needs to be paid to the i
Page 20 and 21: 1 Introduction 18 Box 1: Food Secur
Page 23 and 24: 2 Description of the Context in Sie
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2. Structure of the populati
Page 27 and 28: Diseases such as malaria and tuberc
Page 29 and 30: to energy supplies 8 , a low-skille
Page 31: Figure 4. Composition of exports fr
Page 34 and 35: 3 The Agricultural Sector 32 agrari
Page 36 and 37: 3 The Agricultural Sector 34 Figure
Page 40 and 41: 3 The Agricultural Sector 38 3.1.2
Page 42 and 43: 3 The Agricultural Sector 40 scale
Page 44 and 45: 3 The Agricultural Sector 42 absorb
Page 48 and 49: 3 The Agricultural Sector 46 availa
Page 50 and 51: 3 The Agricultural Sector 48 and in
Page 52 and 53: 3 The Agricultural Sector 50 origin
Page 54 and 55: 3 The Agricultural Sector 52 The us
Page 56 and 57: 3 The Agricultural Sector 54 crops
Page 58 and 59: 3 The Agricultural Sector 56 • Se
Page 60 and 61: 3 The Agricultural Sector 58 severe
Page 64 and 65: 3 The Agricultural Sector 62 Table
Page 66 and 67: 3 The Agricultural Sector 64 Table
Page 68 and 69: 3 The Agricultural Sector 66 post-h
Page 70 and 71: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 72 and 73: 4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
Page 75 and 76: 5 Survey Methodology In this sectio
Page 77 and 78: sampling techniques were employed t
Page 79 and 80: up an agrarian system. The househol
Page 81 and 82: Farm Net Income per working unit: D
Page 83 and 84: price, which is higher than the mar
Page 85 and 86: stock or exchanges at the village l
Page 87 and 88: = 0.72) for non-food requirements.
Page 89 and 90:
6 Survey Results This section addre
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6.1.2 Main activities and income so
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 24. Average acreage under cu
Page 95 and 96:
Table 24. Resources of smallholders
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Figure 30. Total acre per household
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harvesting period (Sesay et al., 20
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Figure 34. Local participation in t
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improved management strategies at p
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Figure 41. Crop mix categories in t
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when analysing the smallholder viab
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Table 27. Economic results of the s
Page 111 and 112:
Table 29. Economic results of the s
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Figure 47. Farm Net Income for an a
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hired labour costs for self-subsist
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Figure 52. Output value of rice per
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Figure 57. Distribution of tree cro
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Figure 60. Farm viability of smallh
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Figure 63. Farm viability per farm
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Table 32. Percentage of farms per r
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Figure 69. Poverty level per farm t
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Figure 72. Cocoa and coffee output
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Figure 76. Total labour productivit
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Figure 80. Labour productivity per
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Figure 83. Labour productivity per
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6.4 Evaluation of the influence of
Page 139 and 140:
Table 33. Evaluation Matrix for Sup
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 87. Adequacy of support prov
Page 143 and 144:
Figure 91. Adequacy of support prov
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 95. Change in income as a re
Page 147 and 148:
Figure 97. Impact of support on dif
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Figure 100. Expected sustainability
Page 151 and 152:
Figure 103. Average farm net income
Page 153 and 154:
Figure 107. Cultivated area of non-
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Figure 111. Revelance of income sou
Page 157:
Figure 115. Number of tractors hire
Page 160 and 161:
7 Conclusions 158 Table 34. Basic C
Page 162 and 163:
7 Conclusions 160 Under the Peasant
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7 Conclusions 162 In the Eastern di
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7 Conclusions 164 may actually bene
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7 Conclusions 166 determining the d
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8 References 168 Crowley, E.L. (199
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8 References 170 GoSL and EC Govern
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8 References 172 Moreau P., F. Mabo
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8 References 174 van Wesenbeeck C.F
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9 Appendices 176 HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAP
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9 Appendices 178 COMMUNITY LEADERSH
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9 Appendices 180 Planting materials
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9 Appendices 182 Could you explain
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9 Appendices 184 Externality Please
Page 188 and 189:
9 Appendices 186 Infrastructure/com
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9 Appendices 188 LABOUR INPUT- FOOD
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9 Appendices 190 OTHER INPUTS QUANT
Page 194 and 195:
9 Appendices 192 YIELD LOSSES Now w
Page 196 and 197:
9 Appendices 194 Figure: % of farms
Page 198 and 199:
9 Appendices 196 Figure: Average fa
Page 200 and 201:
9 Appendices 198 Labour productivit
Page 202 and 203:
9 Appendices 200 Labour productivit
Page 204 and 205:
9 Appendices 202
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