Mackey A G - Encylopedia of Freemasonry - The Grand Masonic ...

128 CAHIER
CALENDAR
make dupes of thousands of credulous persons
.
During Cagliostro's residence in England,
on his last visit, he was attacked by the editor
Morand, in the Courier de l'Europe, in a series
of abusive articles, to which Cagliostro replied
in a letter to the English people. But,
although he had a few Egyptian Lodges in
London under his government, he appears,
perhaps from Morand's revelations of his
character and life, to have lost his popularity,
and he left England permanently in May,
1787.
He went to Savoy, Sardinia, and other
places in the south of Europe, and at last, in
Ma , 1789, by an act of rash temerity, proce
ed to Rome, where he organized an
Egyptian Lodge under the very shadow of the
Vatican . But this was more than the Church,
which had been excommunicating Freemasons
for fifty years, was willing to endure .
On the 27th of December of that year, on the
festival of St . John the Evangelist, to whom
he had dedicated his Lodges, the Holy Inquisition
arrested him, and locked him up in
the castle of San Angelo . There, after such a
trial as the Inquisition is wont to give to the
accused-in which his wife is said to have been
the principal witness against him-he was
convicted of having formed "societies and
conventicles of Freemasonry." His manuscript
entitled Maconnerie Egyptienne was
ordered to be burned by the public executioner,
and he himself was condemned to
death ; a sentence which the Pope subsequently
commuted for that of perpetual
imprisonment. Cagliostro appealed to the
French Constituent Assembly, but of course
in vain . Thenceforth no more is seen of
him . For four years this adventurer, who had
filled during his life so large a space in the
world's history-the associate of princes,
prelates, and philosophers ; the inventor of
a spurious Rite, which had, however, its thousands
of disciples-languished within the
gloomy walls of the prison of St . Leo, in the
Duchy of Urbino, and at length in the year
1795, in a fit of apoplexy, bade the world
adieu .
Cahler. French . A number of sheets of
parchment or paper fastened together at one
end . The word is used by French Masons to
designate a small book printed, or in manuscript,
containing the ritual of a degree . The
word has been borrowed from French history,
where it denotes the reports and proceedings
of certain assemblies, such as the clergy, the
States-General, etc .
Cairns. Celtic, earns . Heaps of stones of
a conical form erected by the Druids . Some
suppose them to have been sepulchral monuments,
others altars. They were undoubtedly
of a religious character, since sacrificial fires
were lighted upon them, and processions were
made around them. These processions were
analogous to the circumambulations in Masonry,
and were conducted, like them, with
reference to the apparent course of the sun .l
Thus, Toland, in his Letters on the Celtic Re-I
ligion (Let . II ., xvii.), says of these mystical
processions, that the people of the Scottish
islands "never come to the ancient sacrificing
and fire-hallowing Carns but they walk three
times round them from east to west, according
to the course of the sun . This sanctified tour,
or round by the south, is called Deaseal, as
the unhallowed contrary one by the north,
Tuapholl" ; and he says that Deaseal is derived
from "Deas, the right (understanding
hand), and soil, one of the ancient names of
the sun, the right hand in this round being
ever next the heap ." In all this the Mason will
be reminded of the Masonic ceremony of circumambulation
around the altar and the rules
which govern it .
Calatrava, Military Order of . Instituted
1158, during the reign of Sancho III .,
King of Castile, who conquered and gave the
Castle of Calatrava, an important fortress of
the Moors of Andalusia, to the Knights Templars,
who subsequently relinquished their
possession of it to the king . The king, being
disappointed in the ability of the Templars to
retain it, then offered the defense of the place
to Don Raymond of Navarre, Abbot of St .
Mary of Hitero, a Cistercian convent, who
accepted it . Don Raymond being successful,
the king gave the place to him and his companions,
and instituted the Order of Calatrava
. A Grand Master was appointed and
approved of by the Pope, Alexander III .,
1164, which was confirmed by Innocent III .
in 1198 . The knights had been granted the
power of electing their own Grand Master ;
but on the death of Don Garcias Lopez de
Pardella, 1489, Ferdinand and Isabella annexed
the Grand Mastership to the Crown of
Castile, which was sanctioned by Pope Innocent
VIII .
Calcott, Wellins . A distinguished Masonic
writer of the eighteenth century, and the
author of a work published in 1769, under the
title of A Candid Disquisition of the Principles
and Practices of the Most Ancient and
Honourable Society of Free and Accepted
Masons; together with some Strictures on the
Origin, Nature, and Design of that Institution,
in which he has traced Masonry from its
origin, explained its symbols and hieroglyphics,
its social virtues and advantages,
suggested the propriety of building halls for
the peculiar and exclusive practise of Masonry,
and reprehended its slanderers with
great but judicious severity . This was the
first extended effort to illustrate philosophically
the science of Masonry, and was followed,
a few years after, by Hutchinson's admirable
work ; so that Oliver justly says that "Calcott
opened the mine of Masonry, and Hutchinson
worked it ."
Calendar . Freemasons, in affixing dates
to their official documents, never make use of
the Common Epoch or Vulgar Era, but have
one peculiar to themselves, which, however,
varies in the different rites . Era and epoch
are, in this sense, synonymous .
Masons of the York, American, and French
Rites, that is to say, the Masons of England,