The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleepless, 2004. © 2008 France Scully Osterman. All rights reserved. Courtesy of the Tilt Gallery. Waxed salt print from collodion negative.
154 THE DARKROOM COOKBOOK Collodio-Chloride Printing Out Paper Also known as Collodion Aristotype Paper Mark Osterman Collodio-Chloride Printing Out Paper Also known as Collodion Aristotype Paper © 2008 Mark Osterman. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author. The collodion chloride printing out process was fi rst introduced by Gaudin in 1861 but never realized commercial success or general acceptance until the1880s when clay coated paper stock was adopted for photography. In 1884 Liesegang introduced a collodion chloride emulsion for paper which he called Aristotype. It was related to the wet plate collodion process, used to make negatives, ambrotypes, and ferrotypes, but relies on emulsion technology. The Aristotype Company in Jamestown, New York, introduced the most popular collodion papers in two different fi nishes: glossy and matte. The formula below is for making a glossy fi nish paper. Glossy papers were typically toned to a purple brown using gold chloride. Matte papers were toned with platinum and gold and look very much like a platinum print. Regardless of the fi nish or toning approach, collodion papers were the most archival of all silver halide photographic papers and are easily identifi ed today because they are usually found in excellent condition. Collodio-Chloride Emulsion Caution: Collodion, the binder for this emulsion, is a clear viscous solution made by dissolving nitrated cellulose in ether and alcohol. It is fl ammable and you should take care not to coat papers or expose open containers of collodion to the presence of sparks or fl ames. Purchase Collodion USP for this process. Formulae and Emulsion Mixing Directions The alcohol listed in this formula is ethyl alcohol (also known as ethanol or grain alcohol). The strength should be as strong as possible since water will be used to dissolve some of the solid chemicals. Some water is necessary in collodion formulas, but too much will cause chambered markings in the fi lm called “crepe lines.” The following can be done under common household light. Solution A Strontium Chloride, 1.0 g Alcohol, 4.0 ml Glycerin, 4.0 ml Distilled water, 5.0 ml
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The Darkroom Cookbook
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The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
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Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
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Preface xi Which brings us to the q
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Acknowledgments There are two husba
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Introduction Today everybody seems
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Introduction xvii coating your own
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Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
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Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
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Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
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List of Formulas Many of the formul
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Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
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Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
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Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
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Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
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Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
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Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
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Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
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Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
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Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
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How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
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Equipment People are under the illu
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Equipment 17 customary models. It i
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Developers One developing agent is
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Developers 21 quantity of metol to
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Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
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Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
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Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
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Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
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Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
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Film Development It is the photogra
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Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
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Film Development 37 include Efke IR
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Film Development 39 cycle per minut
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Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
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Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
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Film Development 45 Not long after
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Film Development 47 These disadvant
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REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
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Film Development 51 Flower Composit
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Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
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Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
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Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
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Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
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Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
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Printing Methods and Techniques 79
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Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
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Manipulating Exposure and Developme
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#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
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Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
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Page 136 and 137: Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
Page 138 and 139: Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
Page 140 and 141: Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
Page 142 and 143: Toning Prints There is a road from
Page 144 and 145: TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
Page 146 and 147: Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
Page 148 and 149: Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
Page 150 and 151: Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
Page 152 and 153: Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
Page 154 and 155: K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
Page 156 and 157: Photographic Reduction and Intensif
Page 166 and 167: Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
Page 168 and 169: SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
Page 170 and 171: PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
Page 172 and 173: leak light. What is important is th
Page 174 and 175: Procedure for Reversal Processing R
Page 176 and 177: Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
Page 178 and 179: Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
Page 180 and 181: Printing Out Processes You must alw
Page 182 and 183: Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
Page 184 and 185: Printing Out Processes 151 over the
Page 188 and 189: Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
Page 190 and 191: Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
Page 192 and 193: Safety in Handling Photographic Che
Page 194 and 195: Safety in Handling Photographic Che
Page 196 and 197: Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
Page 198 and 199: Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
Page 200 and 201: Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
Page 202 and 203: Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
Page 204 and 205: Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
Page 206 and 207: Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
Page 208 and 209: Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
Page 210 and 211: Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
Page 212 and 213: BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
Page 214 and 215: Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
Page 216 and 217: HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
Page 218 and 219: Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
Page 220 and 221: Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
Page 222 and 223: Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
Page 224 and 225: SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
Page 226 and 227: Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
Page 228 and 229: Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
Page 230 and 231: Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
Page 232 and 233: Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
Page 234 and 235: Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
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Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
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4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
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Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
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Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
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Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
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With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
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Formulas 281 This solution should b
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SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
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Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
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Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
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*Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
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Formulas 291 the solubility of the
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FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
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Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
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Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
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Formulas 299 After treatment in the
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FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
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Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
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NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
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STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
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Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
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Keep hands in Solution A for a few
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Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
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FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
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FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
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Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
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Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
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Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
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Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
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0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
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225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
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Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
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Conversion Tables 333 always possib
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TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
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Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
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Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
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Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
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Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
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C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
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fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
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Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
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In-cassette processing developing,
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Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
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and development by inspection, 137
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Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
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Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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