In-cassette processing developing, 56 drying, 57 overview, 55–56 washing, 57 Indicator, for stop baths, 266–267 Indirect green toner, formula, 291–292 Infl ammable, defi nition, 169 Intensifi cation negatives, 128–131 prints, 130–131 Intermittent agitation, method, 38 Interpositive, production, 142–143 Iron alum, properties and uses, 174–175 Iron blue toner formula, 275–276 methods, 113 Iron-toning bath, formula, 278 Isopropyl alcohol, properties and uses, 174 J JOBO rotary processor developer problems, 63 Rollo Pyro formula, 235–236 K Keelan’s Monobath, formula, 229 Kentmere Kentona, 113 King, Sandy, 68–69, 238 K49 Jellyfi sh, 122 Kodak fi lters, and safelights, 10–11 Kodak formulas custom developers, 28 D-82 � caustic, 226–227 D types, 212–213, 217–218, 220, 225–226, 231–232, 241–243, 252, 259–260, 318–319 F types, 271–273 GP types, 116, 292–293 HT-1a, 312–313 IN-5, 306–307 IN-6, 307–308 monobaths, 228 redevelopers, 312 replenishers, 213–214 R types, 125, 301–304 S-6, 313–314 SB types, 267, 268 SD-22, 227–228 Selectol, 259–260 selenium toners, 114 SH types, 314–316 and superadditivity, 21 TC types, 316–317 with thiosulfate, 320 T-Max 100, 144 T types, 114, 115, 278–279, 283–285 XTOL, 218–219 Kodak OC safelight, paper sensitizing, 148 Kodalk, properties and uses, 177 L Levy, Marilyn, 223 Lewis, Paul drying tips, 57 mytol formula, 218–219 rapid fi lm dryer, 318 Light, contrast control, 150–151 Lighting, in darkroom planning, 2–3 Lime, chlorinated, properties and uses, 180 Limited editions, printing, 72–73 Liquid Measure Compound Equivalents, conversions, 328–329 Liquid orthazite, see Benzotriazole (BZT) Local bleaching, method, 126 Looten, J. Ghislain, 262, 269 Low-contrast developers for document fi lms, 45–46, 223–224 formuals, 248–249 for panchromatic fi lms, 46, 224–225 Low-temperature developers characteristics, 46 formulas, 225–228 M Masonite® board, and ventilation, 3 Maximum black, proof for, 197–198, 204 MCM 100, formula, 240 Methyl alcohol, properties and uses, 174 Metol as developing agent, 20 properties and uses, 183–184 Index 351
352 INDEX Metol and Quinol (MQ) and cold tones, 243–244 vs. PQ developers, 73 solution considerations, 27 and superadditivity, 20 Metric Liquid Measures, conversions, 324–325 Metric Solid Measures, conversions, 324 Microphen-type developer, Ilford ID-68 formula, 216–217 Mild alkalis, developing agents, 24 Miller, Richard C., 84–85 Minimal agitation, method, 38 Mixing, dry powders, 160–161 Mixing containers, equipment list, 18 Moderate alkalis, developing agents, 24–25 Monobath fi lm development formulas, 228–229 in-cassette processing, 55–57 overview, 54–55 Monohydrate as chemical hydrate, 164 defi nition, 169 Monomethyl para-aminophenol sulfate, see Metol Mortensen, William, 159 MQ, see Metol and Quinol (MQ) Muir, Maxim, 209–210, 245 Multiple toning, methods, 117 Mytol, formula, 218–219 N ND step-wedges, in thin shadow rescue, 97–98 Negative developers fi xing, 106–107 vs. print, 71 Negative intensifi ers basic considerations, 128–129 chromium, 129 formulas, 305–308 sepia, 129–130 silver, 129 Negative reducers fi xer and bleaching, 127–128 formulas, 299–303 print reduction, 124–127 types, 123 Negatives, enlarged fi rst steps, 144 procedure, 145–146 techniques, 138–139 Nelson Gold Toner, formula, 286–287 Neutral-tone developers characteristics, 244 formulas, 249–252 and image color, 80 Nitric acid, properties and uses, 172 6-Nitrobenzimidazole nitrate, properties and uses, 177 Nonhardening acid fi xer, formula, 273 Nonhardening rapid fi xer, formula, 269–270 Nonhardening stop bath, formula, 267 Non-staining reducer, formula, 304 Non-swelling acid rinse bath, formula, 268 Norfolk Symphony Orchestra, 31 Normal ammonium thiosulfate reducer, formula, 299 Normal contrast positives, fi rst developers, 319–321 Nuseibeh, Saïd, 97–99 O OA fi lters, and safelights, 10–11 OC fi lters, and safelights, 10–11 Octahydrate, defi nition, 169 Odorless acid-hardening fi xer, formula, 272–273 Ohaus Triple Beam Balance, 17 Old Mosque at Edime, 70 opd, see Ortho-phenylenediamine (opd) Organic dye toners, types, 116 Orlando’s Monobath, formula, 229 Ortho-phenylenediamine (opd) as developing agent, 47 properties and uses, 184 Orwo formulas, preparation, 232–233 OSHA studies, ventilation, 3 Osterman, Mark, 152, 154–156 Overall bleaching, method, 125–126 Oxalic acid, properties and uses, 172–173 Oxidation process developer considerations, 27 developing agents, 21–22 P Panalure® Select RC fi lter, and safelights, 11 Panchromatic fi lms, low-contrast developers, 46, 224–225
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The Darkroom Cookbook
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The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
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Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
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Preface xi Which brings us to the q
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Acknowledgments There are two husba
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Introduction Today everybody seems
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Introduction xvii coating your own
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Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
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Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
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Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
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List of Formulas Many of the formul
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Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
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Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
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Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
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Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
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Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
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Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
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Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
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Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
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Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
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How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
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Equipment People are under the illu
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Equipment 17 customary models. It i
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Developers One developing agent is
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Developers 21 quantity of metol to
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Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
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Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
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Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
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Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
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Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
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Film Development It is the photogra
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Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
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Film Development 37 include Efke IR
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Film Development 39 cycle per minut
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Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
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Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
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Film Development 45 Not long after
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Film Development 47 These disadvant
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REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
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Film Development 51 Flower Composit
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Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
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Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
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Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
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Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
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Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
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Printing Methods and Techniques 79
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Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
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Manipulating Exposure and Developme
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Printing Methods and Techniques 85
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#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Printing Methods and Techniques 91
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Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
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Printing Methods and Techniques 95
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Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
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Printing Methods and Techniques 99
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Printing Methods and Techniques 101
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Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
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Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
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Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
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Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
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Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
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K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
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SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
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PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
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leak light. What is important is th
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Procedure for Reversal Processing R
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Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
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Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
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Printing Out Processes You must alw
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Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
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Printing Out Processes 151 over the
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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
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Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
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Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
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Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
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Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
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Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
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Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
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BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
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Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
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HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
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Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
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Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
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Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
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SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
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Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
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Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
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Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
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Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
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Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
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Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
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4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
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Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
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Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
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Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
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With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
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Formulas 281 This solution should b
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SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
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Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
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Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
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*Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
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Formulas 291 the solubility of the
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FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
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Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
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Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
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Formulas 299 After treatment in the
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- Page 338 and 339: NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
- Page 340 and 341: STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
- Page 342 and 343: Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
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- Page 348 and 349: FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
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- Page 358 and 359: Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
- Page 360 and 361: 0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
- Page 362 and 363: 225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
- Page 364 and 365: Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
- Page 366 and 367: Conversion Tables 333 always possib
- Page 368 and 369: TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
- Page 370 and 371: Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
- Page 372 and 373: Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
- Page 374 and 375: Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
- Page 376 and 377: Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
- Page 378 and 379: C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
- Page 380 and 381: fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
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- Page 386 and 387: Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
- Page 388 and 389: and development by inspection, 137
- Page 390 and 391: Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
- Page 392: Weston amidol developers, formulas,