The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 fl oz 275 ml � 8.8 fl oz 281.3 ml � 9 fl oz 300 ml � 9.6 fl oz 312.5 � 10 fl oz 325 ml � 10.4 fl oz 344 ml � 11 fl oz 350 ml �11.2 fl oz 375 ml � 12 fl oz 400 ml � 12.8 fl oz 407 ml � 13 fl oz 425 ml � 13.6 fl oz 438 ml � 14 fl oz 450 ml � 14.4 fl oz CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTIONS Alkali Substitutions Conversion Tables 329 Alkalies can sometimes be substituted one for another, but only within a particular family. The three families are mild, alkali, and caustic. Even within a family there may be limitations on substitutions. The only way to be sure is to test. The formula specifi es: You have: Multiply by: Borax, deca. Borax, penta. 0.76 Borax, penta. Borax, deca. 1.32 Potassium carbonate, anhyd. Sodium carbonate, mono. 0.90 Sodium carbonate, mono. Potassium carbonate, anhyd. 1.12 Potassium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide 1.40 Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide 0.72 Sodium carbonate, mono. Balanced Alkali or Sodium metaborate, octa. 1.70 Balanced Alkali or sodium Sodium carbonate, mono. 0.59 metaborate, octahydrate Other Substitutions 470 ml � 15 fl oz 475 ml � 15.2 fl oz 500 ml � 16 fl oz 532 ml � 17 fl oz 550 ml � 17.6 fl oz 563 ml � 18 fl oz 595 ml � 19 fl oz 600 ml � 19.2 fl oz 626 ml � 20 fl oz 650 ml � 20.8 fl oz 657 ml � 21 fl oz 689 ml � 22 fl oz 700 ml � 22.4 fl oz 720 ml � 23 fl oz 750 ml � 24 fl oz 775 ml � 24.8 fl oz 782.5 ml � 25 fl oz 800 ml � 25.6 fl oz 814 ml � 26 fl oz 845 ml � 27 fl oz 850 ml � 27.2 fl oz 876 ml � 28 fl oz 900 ml � 28.8 fl oz 908 ml � 29 fl oz 939 ml �30 fl oz 950 ml � 30.4 fl oz 950 ml � 30.4 fl oz 970 ml � 31 fl oz 975 ml � 31.2 fl oz 1 l � 32 fl oz The formula specifi es: You have: Multiply by: Acetic acid, glacial Acetic acid, 28% 3.54 Acetic acid, 28% Acetic acid, glacial 0.28 Aluminum alum Ammonium alum 1.5 Ammonium alum Aluminum alum 0.67 Ascorbic acid Sodium ascorbate 1.125 Ascorbic acid Sodium isoascorbate 1.125 Concentrated HCL (35% to 37%) Muriatic acid 1.17 Muriatic acid Concentrated HCL {35% to 37%) 0.855 Potassium metabisulfi te Sodium metabisulfi te 1.17
330 THE DARKROOM COOKBOOK The formula specifi es: You have: Multiply by: Sodium metabisulfi te Potassium metabisulfi te 0.855 Sodium ascorbate Ascorbic acid 0.889 Sodium ascorbate Sodium isoascorbate 1.0 Sodium isoascorbate Ascorbic acid 0.889 Sodium isoascorbate Sodium ascorbate 1.0 Sodium thiosulfate, anhyd. Sodium thiosulfate, cryst. 1.57 Sodium thiosulfate, cryst. Sodium thiosulfate, anhyd. 0.64 Sodium bromide Potassium bromide 1.16 Potassium bromide Sodium bromide 0.86 Sodium sulfate, cryst. Sodium sulfate, anhy. 0.44 Sodium sulfate, anhyd. Sodium sulfate, cryst. 2.27 Sodium Sulfi te Conversion Crystalline sodium sulfi te is not as common as it once was. Photographic chemical suppliers will usually provide the anhydrous salt unless otherwise specifi ed. If you happen to obtain the crystal or decahydrate form you can use the following conversion factors: The formula specifi es: You have: Multiply by: Sodium sulfi te, anhyd. Sodium sulfi te, cryst. 2.0 Sodium sulfi te, cryst. Sodium sulfi te, anhyd. 0.5 Sodium Carbonate Conversion Sodium carbonate is one of the most commonly used ingredients in photographic chemistry. It is commercially available in three forms, differing by the amount of water molecules each contains. The three forms are anhydrous (also known as desiccated), monohydrate, and crystal. Crystal is rarely seen today in photographic practice. Of the three, the monohydrate form is the most stable and the best to use for photographic purposes. The crystalline form is the least stable. However, as is often the case, a formula may call for anhydrous and you may have monohydrate, or a chemical supplier may sell you the anhydrous variety, and so on. In any case, the following table makes for easy conversion from one to the other. Today, most formulas specify sodium carbonate, monohydrate. If a formula requires one of the other two forms, anhydrous or crystal, or if only one of the others is available, use the following table for conversion: The formula specifi es: You have: Multiply by: Sodium carbonate, mono. Sodium carbonate, anhyd. 0.855 Sodium carbonate, mono. Sodium carbonate, cryst. 2.31 Sodium carbonate, anhyd. Sodium carbonate, mono. 1.17 Sodium carbonate, anhyd. Sodium carbonate, cryst. 2.7 Sodium carbonate, cryst. Sodium carbonate, mono. 0.433 Sodium carbonate, cryst. Sodium carbonate, anhyd. 0.37
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The Darkroom Cookbook
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The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
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Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
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Preface xi Which brings us to the q
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Acknowledgments There are two husba
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Introduction Today everybody seems
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Introduction xvii coating your own
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Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
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Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
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Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
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List of Formulas Many of the formul
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Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
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Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
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Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
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Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
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Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
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Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
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Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
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Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
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Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
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How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
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Equipment People are under the illu
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Equipment 17 customary models. It i
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Developers One developing agent is
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Developers 21 quantity of metol to
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Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
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Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
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Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
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Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
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Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
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Film Development It is the photogra
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Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
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Film Development 37 include Efke IR
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Film Development 39 cycle per minut
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Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
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Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
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Film Development 45 Not long after
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Film Development 47 These disadvant
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REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
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Film Development 51 Flower Composit
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Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
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Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
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Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
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Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
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Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
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Printing Methods and Techniques 79
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Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
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Manipulating Exposure and Developme
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#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
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Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
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Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
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Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
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Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
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Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
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Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
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K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
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SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
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PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
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leak light. What is important is th
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Procedure for Reversal Processing R
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Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
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Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
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Printing Out Processes You must alw
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Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
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Printing Out Processes 151 over the
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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
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Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
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Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
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Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
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Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
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Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
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Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
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BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
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Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
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HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
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Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
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Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
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Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
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SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
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Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
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Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
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Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
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Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
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Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
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Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
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4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
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Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
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Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
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Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
Page 312 and 313: With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
Page 314 and 315: Formulas 281 This solution should b
Page 316 and 317: SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
Page 318 and 319: Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
Page 320 and 321: Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
Page 322 and 323: *Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
Page 324 and 325: Formulas 291 the solubility of the
Page 326 and 327: FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
Page 328 and 329: Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
Page 330 and 331: Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
Page 332 and 333: Formulas 299 After treatment in the
Page 334 and 335: FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
Page 336 and 337: Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
Page 338 and 339: NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
Page 340 and 341: STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
Page 342 and 343: Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
Page 344 and 345: Keep hands in Solution A for a few
Page 346 and 347: Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
Page 348 and 349: FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
Page 350 and 351: FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
Page 352 and 353: Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
Page 354 and 355: Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
Page 356 and 357: Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
Page 358 and 359: Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
Page 360 and 361: 0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
Page 364 and 365: Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
Page 366 and 367: Conversion Tables 333 always possib
Page 368 and 369: TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
Page 370 and 371: Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
Page 372 and 373: Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
Page 374 and 375: Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
Page 376 and 377: Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
Page 378 and 379: C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
Page 380 and 381: fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
Page 382 and 383: Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
Page 384 and 385: In-cassette processing developing,
Page 386 and 387: Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
Page 388 and 389: and development by inspection, 137
Page 390 and 391: Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
Page 392: Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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