The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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Conversion Tables 333 always possible to obtain this information. Therefore, you may wish to consider the following as “standards” and maintain a consistent work habit. Dry Weight in Teaspoon Metric Grams Amount *Amidol 1.6 grams 1 teaspoon *Ascorbic acid 4.4 grams 1 teaspoon *Balanced Alkali 4.3 grams 1 teaspoon *Benzotriazole 0.2 grams ¹/ 8 teaspoon *Borax 3.8 grams 1 teaspoon Boric acid 4.1 grams 1 teaspoon Chlorhydroquinone 3.4 grams 1 teaspoon *Chrome alum 1.2 grams ¼ teaspoon *Citric acid 4.9 grams 1 teaspoon *Glycin 1.8 grams 1 teaspoon *Hydroquinone 3.3 grams 1 teaspoon *Metol 3.0 grams 1 teaspoon *Phenidone 0.5 grams ¼ teaspoon o-Phenylenediamine 3.5 grams 1 teaspoon *p-Aminophenol hydrochloride 2.6 grams 1 teaspoon p-Phenylenediamine 3.5 grams 1 teaspoon Potassium alum 1.5 grams ¼ teaspoon *Potassium bromide 1.9 grams ¼ teaspoon *Potassium carbonate 6.4 grams 1 teaspoon *Potassium dichromate 6.4 grams 1 teaspoon *Potassium ferricyanide 4.7 grams 1 teaspoon *Potassium permanganate 7.2 grams 1 teaspoon *Potassium persulfate 6.4 grams 1 teaspoon *Pyrocatechol 3.3 grams 1 teaspoon *Pyrogallol 2.3 grams 1 teaspoon *Silver nitrate 1.7 grams ¹/ 8 teaspoon *Sodium bisulfi te, anhyd. 5.5 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium carbonate, anhyd. 4.8 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium carbonate, mono. 6.3 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium chloride 6.1 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium hydroxide 4.0 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium metaborate 4.6 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium sulfate 6.4 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium sulfi te, anhyd. 7.9 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium thiocyanate 3.6 grams 1 teaspoon *Sodium thiosulfate 21.0 grams 1 Tablespoon *Thiourea 3.0 grams 1 teaspoon Tri-sodium phosphate 4.5 grams 1 teaspoon * Spoon measurements may differ slightly in weight each time. These were measured and weighed on an Acculab electronic scale, four times each, and averaged by the author, using the very best teaspoon-leveling techniques taught to him by Ms. Abernathy in High School Home Ec.
TABLE 4 Comparison of Thermometer Scales Basic conversion factors To convert Fahrenheit into Centigrade: To convert Centigrade into Fahrenheit: Subtract 32; multiply by 5 and divide by 9. Multiply by 9; divide by 5; add 32 to result, Example: 125ºF � 32 � 93 � 5 � 465 � 9 � Example: 18ºC � 9 � 162 � 5 � 32.4 � 32 � 51.67ºC 64.4ºF. ºC ºF ºC ºF ºC ºF ºC ºF ºC ºF ºC ºF �100 �212 99.44 211 74.44 166 49.44 121 24.44 76 �0.55 31 �25.55 �14 98.89 210 73.89 165 48.89 120 23.89 75 �1.11 30 �26.11 �15 98.33 209 73.33 164 48.33 119 23.33 74 �1.67 29 �26.67 �16 97.78 208 72.78 163 47.78 118 22.78 73 �2.22 28 �27.22 �17 97.22 207 72.22 162 47.22 117 22.22 72 �2.73 27 �27.78 �18 96.67 206 71.67 161 46.67 116 21.67 71 �3.33 26 �28.33 �19 96.11 205 71.11 160 46.11 115 21.11 70 �3.89 25 �28.89 �20 95.55 204 70.55 159 45.55 114 20.55 69 �4.44 24 �29.44 �21 95 203 70 158 45 113 20 68 �5 23 �30 �22 94.44 202 69.44 157 44.44 112 19.44 67 �5.55 22 �30.55 �23 93.89 201 68.89 156 43.89 111 18.89 66 �6.11 21 �31.11 �24 93.33 200 68.33 155 43.33 110 18.33 65 �6.67 20 �31.67 �25 92.78 199 67.78 154 42.78 109 17.78 64 �7.22 19 �32.22 �26 92.22 198 67.22 153 42.22 108 17.22 63 �7.78 18 �32.78 �27 91.67 197 66.67 152 41.67 107 16.67 62 �8.33 17 �33.33 �28 91.11 196 66.11 151 41.11 106 16.11 61 �8.89 16 �33.89 �29 90.55 195 65.56 150 40.55 105 15.55 60 �9.44 15 �34.44 �30 90 194 65 149 40 104 15 59 �10 14 �35 �31 89.44 193 64.44 148 39.44 103 14.44 58 �10.55 13 �35.55 �32 88.89 192 63.89 147 38.89 102 13.89 57 �11.11 12 �36.11 �33 88.33 191 63.33 146 38.33 101 13.33 56 �11.67 11 �36.67 �34 87.78 190 62.78 145 37.78 100 12.78 55 �12.22 10 �37.22 �35 87.22 189 62.22 144 37.22 99 12.22 54 �12.78 9 �37.78 �36 86.67 188 61.67 143 36.67 98 11.67 53 �13.33 8 �38.33 �37 86.11 187 61.11 142 36.11 97 11.11 52 �13.89 7 �38.89 �38 85.55 186 60.55 141 35.55 96 10.55 51 �14.44 6 �39.44 �39 85 185 60 140 35 95 10 50 �15 5 �40 �40 84.44 184 59.44 139 34.44 94 9.44 49 �15.55 4 83.89 183 58.89 138 33.89 93 8.89 48 �16.11 3 83.33 182 58.33 137 33.33 92 8.33 47 �16.67 2 82.78 181 57.78 136 32.78 91 7.78 46 �17.22 1 82.22 180 57.22 135 32.22 90 7.22 45 �17.78 0 81.67 179 56.67 134 31.67 89 6.67 44 �18.33 �1 81.11 178 56.11 133 31.11 88 6.11 43 �18.89 �2 80.55 177 55.55 132 30.55 87 5.55 42 �19.44 �3 80 176 55 131 30 86 5 41 �20 �4 79.44 175 54.44 130 29.44 85 4.44 40 �20.55 �5 78.89 174 53.89 129 28.89 84 3.89 39 �21.11 �6 78.33 173 53.33 128 28.33 83 3.33 38 �21.67 �7 77.78 172 52.78 127 27.78 82 2.78 37 �22.22 �8 77.22 171 52.22 126 27.22 81 2.22 36 �22.78 �9 76.67 170 51.67 125 26.67 80 1.67 35 �23.33 �10 76.11 169 51.11 124 26.11 79 1.11 34 �23.39 �11 75.55 168 50.55 123 25.55 78 0.55 33 �24.44 �12 75 167 50 122 25 77 0 32 �25 �13
Page 2 and 3:
The Darkroom Cookbook
Page 4 and 5:
The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
Page 6 and 7:
Dedication This book is dedicated t
Page 8 and 9:
Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
Page 10 and 11:
Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
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Preface xi Which brings us to the q
Page 14 and 15:
Acknowledgments There are two husba
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Introduction Today everybody seems
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Introduction xvii coating your own
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Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
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Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
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Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
Page 26 and 27:
List of Formulas Many of the formul
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Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
Page 30 and 31:
Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
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Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
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Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
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Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
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Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
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Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
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Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
Page 44 and 45:
Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
Page 46 and 47:
How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
Page 48 and 49:
Equipment People are under the illu
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Equipment 17 customary models. It i
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Developers One developing agent is
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Developers 21 quantity of metol to
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Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
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Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
Page 60 and 61:
Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
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Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
Page 64 and 65:
Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
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Film Development It is the photogra
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Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
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Film Development 37 include Efke IR
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Film Development 39 cycle per minut
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Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
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Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
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Film Development 45 Not long after
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Film Development 47 These disadvant
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REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
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Film Development 51 Flower Composit
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Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
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Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
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Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
Page 100 and 101:
Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
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Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
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Printing Methods and Techniques 79
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Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
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Manipulating Exposure and Developme
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Page 126 and 127:
Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
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Page 130 and 131:
Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
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Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
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Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
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Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
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Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
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Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
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K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
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SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
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PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
Page 172 and 173:
leak light. What is important is th
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Procedure for Reversal Processing R
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Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
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Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
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Printing Out Processes You must alw
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Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
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Printing Out Processes 151 over the
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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
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Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
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Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
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Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
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Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
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Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
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Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
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BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
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Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
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HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
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Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
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Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
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Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
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SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
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Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
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Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
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Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
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Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
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Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
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Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
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4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
Page 250 and 251:
Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
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Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
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Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
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With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
Page 314 and 315:
Formulas 281 This solution should b
Page 316 and 317: SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
Page 318 and 319: Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
Page 320 and 321: Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
Page 322 and 323: *Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
Page 324 and 325: Formulas 291 the solubility of the
Page 326 and 327: FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
Page 328 and 329: Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
Page 330 and 331: Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
Page 332 and 333: Formulas 299 After treatment in the
Page 334 and 335: FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
Page 336 and 337: Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
Page 338 and 339: NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
Page 340 and 341: STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
Page 342 and 343: Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
Page 344 and 345: Keep hands in Solution A for a few
Page 346 and 347: Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
Page 348 and 349: FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
Page 350 and 351: FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
Page 352 and 353: Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
Page 354 and 355: Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
Page 356 and 357: Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
Page 358 and 359: Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
Page 360 and 361: 0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
Page 362 and 363: 225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
Page 364 and 365: Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
Page 368 and 369: TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
Page 370 and 371: Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
Page 372 and 373: Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
Page 374 and 375: Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
Page 376 and 377: Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
Page 378 and 379: C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
Page 380 and 381: fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
Page 382 and 383: Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
Page 384 and 385: In-cassette processing developing,
Page 386 and 387: Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
Page 388 and 389: and development by inspection, 137
Page 390 and 391: Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
Page 392: Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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